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testatem gladii, hanc non habent any power of the sword, they have Episcopi ex mandato Evangelii, it not as Bishops by the commandsed jure humano donatam a ment of the Gospel, but by man's regibus et imperatoribus, ad law given unto them of kings and administrationem civilem suo- emperors, for the civil government rum bonorum. Hæc interim of their goods. This, however, is alia functio est, quam ministe- a kind of function diverse from the rium Evangelii. ministry of the Gospel.

Cum igitur de jurisdictione Therefore, when the question Episcoporum quæritur, discerni touches the jurisdiction of Bishops, debet imperium ab ecclesiastica government must be distinguished jurisdictione. Porro secundum from ecclesiastical jurisdiction. Evangelium, seu, ut loquuntur, Again, by the Gospel, or, as they de jure divino, nulla jurisdic- term it, by divine right, Bishops, tio competit Episcopis, ut Epi- as Bishops-that is, those who have scopis, hoc est, his, quibus est the administration of the Word and commissum ministerium Verbi et Sacraments committed to themSacramentorum, nisi remittere have no other jurisdiction at all, peccata, item, cognoscere doctri- but only to remit sin, also to take nam, et doctrinam ab Evangelio cognizance of [to judge in regard dissentientem rejicere, et impios, to] doctrine, and to reject doctrine quorum nota est impietas, exclu- inconsistent with the Gospel, and dere a communione Ecclesia, to exclude from the communion of sine vi humana, sed Verbo. Hic the Church, without human force, necessario et de jure divino de- but by the Word [of God], those bent eis Ecclesiæ præstare obedi- whose wickedness is known. And entiam, juxta illud (Luke x. 16): herein of necessity the churches 'Qui vos audit, me audit.' ought by divine right to render obedience unto them; according to the saying of Christ, 'He that heareth you heareth me' (Luke x. 16). Verum cum aliquid contra But when they teach or deterEvangelium docent aut statuunt, mine any thing contrary to the Gostunc habent Ecclesia mandatum pel, then have the churches a comDei, quod obedientiam prohibet mandment of God, which forbid(Matt. vii. 15): Cavete a Pseudo- deth obedience to them: 'Beware

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prophetis. Gal. i. 8: Si An- of false prophets' (Matt. vii. 15). gelus de cœlo aliud Evangelium 'If an angel from heaven preach evangelizaverit, anathema sit. 2 any other Gospel, let him be acCor. xiii. 8: 'Non possumus ali- cursed' (Gal. i. 8). We can not quid contra veritatem, sed pro do any thing against the truth, but veritate.' Item (10): Data est for the truth' (2 Cor. xiii. 8). Also, nobis potestas ad ædificationem, 'This power is given us to edify, non ad destructionem. Sic et and not to destroy' (2 Cor. xiii. 10). Canones præcipiunt (II. Quæst. So do the Canons command (II. VII. Cap. Sacerdotes, et Cap. Quæst. 7, Cap. Sacerdotes, and Oves). Et Augustinus contra Cap. Oves). And Augustine, in Petiliani Epistolam inquit: his Treatise against Petilian's 'Nec Catholicis Episcopis con- Epistle, saith, 'Neither must we sentiendum est, sicubi forte fal- subscribe to Catholic Bishops, if luntur, aut contra contra Canonicas they chance to err, or determine Dei Scripturas aliquid senti- any thing contrary to the canonical divine Scriptures.'

unt.'

Si quam habent aliam vel po- If so be that they have any other testatem, vel jurisdictionem in power or jurisdiction, in hearing cognoscendis certis causis, vide- and understanding certain cases, as, licet matrimonii, aut decima- namely, of Matrimony, and Tithes, rum, etc., hanc habent humano etc., they hold it by human right. jure; ubi cessantibus Ordina- But when the ordinaries fail [to riis coguntur Principes, vel in- attend to this office], princes are viti, suis subditis jus dicere, ut constrained, whether they wish to pax retineatur. do so or not, to declare the law to their subjects, for maintaining of peace.

Præter hæc disputatur, utrum Besides these things, there is a Episcopi seu Pastores habeant jus controversy whether Bishops or Pasinstituendi ceremonias in Eccle- tors have power to institute ceresia, et leges de cibis, feriis, gra- monies in the Church, and to make dibus ministrorum, seu ordini- laws concerning meats, and holibus, etc., condendi. Hoc jus qui days, and degrees, or orders of mintribuunt Episcopis, allegant testi-isters, etc. They that ascribe this monium (John xvi. 12): 'Adhuc power to the Bishops allege this

multa habeo vobis dicere, sed non testimony for it: 'I have yet many potestis portare modo. Cum things to say unto you, but ye can autem venerit ille Spiritus veri- not bear them now; but when that tatis, docebit vos omnem verita- Spirit of truth shall come, he shall tem. Allegant etiam exemplum teach you all truth' (John xvi. 12, 13). Apostolorum, qui prohibuerunt They allege also the examples of the abstinere a sanguine et suffo- Apostles, who commanded to abcato. Allegant Sabbatum muta- stain from blood, and that which tum in diem Dominicum, con- was strangled (Acts xv. 29). They tra Decalogum ut videtur. Nec allege the change of the Sabbath ullum exemplum magis jacta- into the Lord's day, contrary, as it tur, quam mutatio Sabbati. seemeth, to the Decalogue; and Magnam contendunt Ecclesia po- they have no example more in their testatem esse, quod dispensaverit mouths than the change of the Sabde præcepto Decalogi. bath. They will needs have the Church's power to be very great, because it hath dispensed with a precept of the Decalogue.

But of this question ours do thus teach: that the Bishops have no

Sed de hac quæstione nostri sic docent, quod Episcopi non habent potestatem statuendi ali- power to ordain any thing contrary quid contra Evangelium, ut su- to the Gospel, as was showed bepra ostensum est; docent idem fore. The same also do the Canons. Canones IX. Distinct. Porro teach: Distinct. 9. Moreover, it is contra Scripturam est, traditi- against the Scripture to ordain or ones condere aut exigere, ut per require the observation of any traeam observationem satis facia- ditions, to the end that we may merit mus pro peccatis, aut mereamur remission of sins, and satisfy for sins gratiam et justitiam. Leditur by them. For the glory of Christ's enim gloria meriti Christi, cum merit suffers when we seek by such talibus observationibus conamur observances to merit justification. mereri justificationem. Constat And it is very apparent, that autem propter hanc persuasio- through this persuasion traditions nem, in Ecclesia pene in infini- grew into an infinite number in the tum crevisse traditiones, op- Church. In the mean while, the pressa interim doctrina de fide doctrine concerning faith, and the

et justitia fidei, quia subinde | righteousness of faith, was quite supplures feria factæ sunt, jeju- pressed, for thereupon there were nia indicta, ceremonia nova, new holidays made, new fasts apnovi honores sanctorum insti- pointed, new ceremonies, new wortuti sunt, quia arbitrabantur se ships for saints, instituted; because autores talium rerum his operi- that the authors of such things sup bus mereri gratiam. Sic olim posed by these works to merit grace. creverunt Canones pænitentiales, After the same manner heretofore quorum adhuc in satisfactioni- did the Penitential Canons increase, bus vestigia quædam videmus. whereof we still see some traces in satisfactions.

Item, autores traditionum fa- Moreover, the authors of tradiciunt contra mandatum Dei, tions do contrary to the command cum collocant peccatum in cibis, of God when they find matters of in diebus et similibus rebus, et sin in foods, in days, and like things, onerant Ecclesiam servitute legis, and burden the Church with the quasi oporteat apud Christianos servitude of the law, as if there ought ad promerendam justificationem to be among Christians, in order to cultum esse similem Levitico, merit justification, a service like the cujus ordinationem commiserit Levitical, the ordination of which Deus Apostolis et Episcopis. Sic God has committed to the Apostles enim scribunt quidam, et viden- and Bishops. For this some of them tur Pontifices aliqua ex parte write, and the Pontiffs in some measexemplo legis Mosaica decepti ure seem to be misled by the examesse. Hinc sunt illa onera, quod peccatum mortale sit, etiam sine offensione aliorum, in feriis laborare manibus, quod sit peccatum mortale omittere horas Canonicas, quod certi cibi polluant omit the Canonical Hours, that cerconscientiam, quod jejunia sint tain foods defile the conscience, that opera placantia Deum, quod peccatum in casu reservato non possit remitti, nisi accesserit autoritas reservantis, cum quidem ipsi Canones non de reservatione whereas the Canons speak only of

ple of the Law of Moses. From hence are those burdens, that it is mortal sin, even without offense to others, to do manual labor on the festivals, that it is a mortal sin to

fastings are works which appease God; that sin, in a reserved case, can not be pardoned, but by the authority of him that reserved it;

culpæ, sed de reservatione pœnæ reserving of ecclesiastical penalty, ecclesiasticæ loquantur.

and not of the reserving of the fault.

Unde habent jus Episcopi has Whence, then, have the Bishops traditiones imponendi Ecclesiis ad power and authority of imposing illaqueandas conscientias, quum these traditions upon the churches, Petrus (Acts xv. 10) vetet im- for the ensnaring of men's conponere jugum discipulis, quum sciences, when Peter forbids (Acts Paulus (2 Cor. xiii. 10) dicat, xv. 10) 'to put a yoke upon the neck potestatem ipsis datam esse 'ad of the disciples,' and St. Paul says ædificationem, non ad destructio- (2 Cor. xiii. 10) that the power given nem. Cur igitur augent peccata him was to edification, not to deper has traditiones? struction? Why, therefore, do they increase sins by these traditions?

For there are divers clear testimonies which prohibit the making of such traditions, either to merit grace,

Verum extant clara testimonia, quæ prohibent condere tales traditiones ad promerendam gratiam, aut tanquam necessarias or as things necessary to salvation. ad salutem. Paulus (Col. ii. 16): Paul saith to the Colossians, 'Let no 'Nemo vos judicet in cibo, potu, man judge you in meat, or in drink, parte diei festi, novilunio aut or in respect of a holiday, or of the Sabbatis! Item (20): 'Si mor- new moon, or of the Sabbath days' tui estis cum Christo ab elemen- (Col. ii. 16). Again, 'If ye be dead tis mundi, quare tanquam vi- with Christ from the rudiments of ventes in mundo, decreta faci- the world, why, as though living in tis? non attingas, non gustes, the world, are ye subject to ordinon contrectes; quæ omnia pe-nances (Touch not, taste not, handle reunt usu, et sunt mandata et not; which all are to perish with doctrinæ hominum, quæ habent the using) after the commandments speciem sapientiæ. Item, ad Ti- and doctrines of men? which things tum (i. 14) aperte prohibet tradi- indeed have a show of wisdom' tiones: Non attendentes Juda- (Col. ii. 20-23). And to Titus he icis fabulis et mandatis homi- doth plainly forbid traditions; for num aversantium veritatem. Et he saith, 'Not giving heed to JewChristus (Matt. xv. 14) inquit de ish fables, and to commandments his, qui exigunt traditiones: of men, that turn from the truth' 'Sinite illos, cæci sunt et duces (Tit.i.14). And Christ saith of them

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