covered with a lid of the fame material in a groove, the figure of the king or fome deity carved on it, but all opened and plundered of the bodies. Some of thefe fepulchral chambers have porticos and galleries bordered with lodges and rooms cut in the rock, and covered with a fine white frucco, whereon figures have been cut in and coloured, and in excellent prefervation, as fresh as if juft done: the ground of the cielings blue, and the figures yellow, reprefenting weapons of war, furniture, agriculture, mulick, battles, and headlefs black men, flaughtered by red He spent one hour here, drawing, and filling his pockets with fragments of painting and muminies, and little antiquities. ones. Nagud is a rich town, peopled with Coptic Chriftians At Balaffa is a manufactory of earthen jars, exported all over Egypt, Syria, and the Archipelago, for their quality of letting the water through, clarifying and cooling it, made at fo little expence that they may he fold fo cheap that they are frequently ufed to build the walls of houfes, and the pooreft inhabitants may procure a fufficient quantity; the material, a fat, foapy, compact marle, is found ready prepared in the defart, and only wants to be moiftened and handled to make it malleable and holding; and the veffels made of it turned, dried, and halfbaked in the fun, are completed in a few hours in a fire of itraw, and fent down the Nile on floats. They occur in hieroglyphic paintings. (p. 239.) A freth opportunity offering to examine the fepulchral grottos at Thebes, he drew a variety of fubjects, and fome fragments of the natural lize. They reprefent little fcenes taken from Nature, the movements fimple, and natural groupes of figures in perspective, and a relief fo low that it feemed only fuited to metal; fports, rope-dancers, affes taught to play tricks after the manner of Baffan (plates CXIII, CXXIV). In thefe grottos the larger farcophagi of the kings are the moft diftant, but very near the Mennonium; the others command the great buildings of the city, forming a subterranean labyrinth of long dark galleries of many angles, without decora-, tion, their rooms, full of hieroglyphicks, narrow ways by the fide of precipices, deep wells, defcended into only by helping ouefelf against the walls, and fetting one's feet in holes cut in the rock: at the bottom of thefe We of hands cut off and counted at the victor's car. He foon after was prefented with a fine entire mummy, in the right hand of which, refting on the left arm, he found a MS. engraved plate CXXXVI, which feems to be made up of letters and figures (pp. 244-249). The papyrus is prepared in the fame manner as that ufed by the Greeks and Romans, of two layers of the pith of this plant glued together, with fibres made to crofs, and thus giving more confiftence to the leaf or fheet. The writing goes from right to left, beginning at the top of the page, which appears by the line of page 6, which ends in the middle, and is followed by a poffeript +. This has two pictures of facrifices, and over one of them another writing in 7 perpendicular and 4 horizontal columns, anfwering, as he fuppofes, to our capitals, as on the obelisks. A fecond MS. only in black and red (the others having more variety of colours). He found, while engraving the MS. a repetition of whole phrafes, and certain characters fo repeated that they can be only artieles, conjunétions, and auxiliary verbs; out of which thofe who fiady thefe MSS. attentively may compofe alphabets, or groupes of words, comparative tables, and, by comparing the three kinds of writing, be aflified in a general explanation. If each character is a fingle letter, one MS. will furnith all the characters. Plate CXXXVII exhibits another MS. found in a mummy on linen, with a title in size characters on the back; the infide reprefents a funeral procellion in three rows of figures, and over each figure a perpendicular column of ingle characters, not one joined, fo that, probably, each character is a word, fome in red and fome in black. In a third mummy MS. over a picture, are hieroglyphicks, and the reft of the writing is more a running-hand. A MS. found at Thebes, and given to Gen. Andreoli, is 12 feet long, an! contains 19 piges, divided into chapters, the beginning of each written in red. Three of the pages feem to be the recapitulation or title of the chapter, each compofed of a half-line, the firft word of which is the fame throughout the page, and may be an article or a pronoun, and differs in each page. The papyrus was finer, and, when wetted to unroll it, gave fo ftrong a mell that it was neceffary to open the windows. Fig. 3, pl. CXXIV, is drawn by Gen. Dagua, from a fione near Suez, and reprefents a head of a Pertian Magus, with the Egyptian symbol of the winged globe, and the Cuneate characters behind it, compared with a fragment from Perfepolis. In fpeaking of the execution of the hieroglyphicks on the walls, our author remarks, What antiquity mut be allowed to the buildings thus decorated! how many ages of civilization to produce fuch buildings! how many ages before they fell to decay! how many more fince their ruins have ferved for foundations, even of one of the principal pillars of the ftructure!" (p. 249.) North of thefe temples we found the ruins of two figures of granite thrown down and broken, about * Qu. Is not that alfo at Persepolis? 36 feet high, in the ufual attitude, the right foot foremolt, the arms close to the body, which probably adorned fome gate. Upon a new view of the two coloflal ftatues at Medinet Abou, he defines their character to be "eminently momental," perfectly adapted, perhaps exclufively, to the exterior fculpture, to fuit with the architecture, and with that feulpture which, the Egyptians have carried to the highet degree of perfection. He was more confirmed in his opinion, that the overturned Coloffus between them was that of Olymanduas, and that it, or one of the others, was mitiaken for Memnon. He fearched the vaults here for unopened mummies, but found that they had been plundered by the light of faggots, which had fired the wrappers, and melted the cearments, and that the mummies were laid on beds of little green-glazed images, with a whip and crook in the hands. Many of the bodies that had not been fwathed fhewed that circumcifion was generally practifed, but not depilation among the females, as at prefent, for the hair was long and finooth, and the heads of moft were in a beautiful ftyle. (pp. 261, 202.) At Sheck Abade, the antient Antinoopolis, one of the gates of the city is a triumphal arch of 8 Corinthian pillars, forming 3 arches, at the head of a fireet leading through the city to an oppofite gate, and furrounded by porticos. (p. 255.) He regretted that he could neither take a picturefque view or a plan of a city built in the good time of architecture, by the orders and under the direction of a prince the moft fond of the fine arts, and the moft powerful in the world; and yet it muft be faid, to the glory of Egyptian architecture, to a mind full of the impreffions from Latopolis, Apollinopolis, and Tentyra, the rains of Antinoe appeared meagre and flippant. (p. 255.) The fite of Memphis is to be looked for between the pyramids of Saccara to the South and thofe of Gize to the North. (p. 257.) When our traveller returned to Cairo, Bonaparte directed him to return to Paris, and he accompanied him in a frigate, which, after watching Like the figure at Lord Mendip's, in our Plate I. (fee Auguft laft, p. 705), which, however, we regret our engraver has not executed agreeably to the defcripuon. anxiously anxioufly for a clear opening at fea, fkulked away from the English cruizers, and they landed at Frejus, the fame port from which, 8 centuries before, St. Louis embarked for Egypt. The work concludes with an apology for the imperfections of a journal, which could not be made more complete without the affiftance of the Infutute at Cairo. The narrative, in 263 pages, is followed by a particular explanation of the plates, confitting of a number of obfervations on the antiquities, manners, &c. of the country, from which our limits, and the want of the plates themfelves, do not allow us to make extracts. In the lift of 280 fubfcribers we find fcarcely 40 of our countrymen, and of them many mis-fpelt, according to the French coftume. The first is Jackfen, miniftre plenipot d'Angleterre. Aubert, amateur. Bekfort. Cofwai, Madame de. Doyle, le Major. Edwards. Erfkine, Monfignor. Forfier (M. Thomas, Efquire) à Londres, Gregory Watte. Griffiths, literateur. Gurney. Mark-Davis (Efquire). Smith, Allen de la Caroline. Taylord, libraire à Londres. Valence, General. Wilkins. Whiltingham. When Denon left Alexandria, the members of the Inftitute were at Cairo; and, on his arrival in France, he was not certain whether they would be able to accomplish their journey into Upper Egypt, as Bonaparte had ordered before his departure. He did not then know of the Report of the Commillioners of Arts to Bonaparte, on the Antiquities of Upper Egypt, &c. by Ripaud, librarian to the Infiitute of Egypt, reviewed in our vol. LXXI. p. 141. By that report the commiffioners appear to have found five immenfe palaces, though Denon could not find one; and they profefs to have travelled and furveyed with fecurity, and examine and plan the antient buildings with leifure. This account, which Ripaud calls a very hafly one, the committee propofe to publifh, under the aufpices of the Firft Conful. Are we then to expect a farther and fuller detail? or are we to fuppofe it is fuperfeded by the subject of this article? If the 1000 plates announced by Ripaud fhould ever be communicated to the publick, Curiofity may be completely fatisfied; for, we confefs ourfelves not gratified to the utmoft by the prefent publication. 188. Travels in Upper and Lower Egypt, in Company with feveral Divifions of the French my, during the Campaigns of General Bonaparte in that Country, and publifhed under bis immediate Patronage. By Vivant Denon. Embellished with numerous Engravings. Tranflated by Arthur Aikin. 2 vols. 410. and 3 8vo. Advertisement, by the Trauflator: "IT is prefumed that an account, by an eye-witnefs, of the romantic but unprovoked invafion of Egypt by General Bonaparte, will not be uninterefiing to the British publick. The author, a member of the Inftitute of Cairo, and an excellent draughtfman, was felected to accompany the troops defigned for the conqueft of Upper Egypt, that, under the protection of a military efcort, he might have an opportunity of examining thofe ftupendous remains and eternal documents of the antient civilization of the country, to which its then unfettled ftate had denied a peaceable admiffion. Hence the work contains an agreeable mixture of incident and defcription, and of the journal of the defultory operations of a campaign againft an enemy whofe rapid motions, whofe invincible courage, whofe perfevering bravery, always rendered him a formidable opponent, interrupts, unfeasonably, now and then, an account of the venerable monuments of Thebes and Tentyra; yet this very interruption becomes a ftimulous to curiofity; and the attention of the reader, though not kept up entire to the laft, will not be withdrawn ungratified. Citizen Denon, not being a foldier by profeflion, and therefore not hardened to the atrocities of war, has, notwithstanding his natural partiality towards his countrymen, and his perfonal regard for many of the chiefs in the expédition, given a fairer account of the treatment which the natives underwent from their invaders than we are likely to receive from any other quarter; and, indeed, of the campaigns in Upper Egypt he is as yet the only hiftorian. In this view, therefore, his narrative is of peculiar value. We fee what a dreadful licence of luft, rapine, and flaughter, the French troops were allowed to indulge in, and how whole villages were exterminated upon the bare fufpicion of meditating reliftance to the ravifhers of their women, the defolators of their fields, the incendiaries of their houfes. We fee that, fo far from conciliating the efteem of the Egyptians, the French dominion was confined to the range of their cannon; that their firagglers were cut off like profcribed beafts of prey; and, preled by the Arabs on one fide, and Mourad Bey on the other, they were kept in a conftant ftate of watchfulness and alarm. The military tranfactions, however, are neither the most pleafing nor the prominent feature of the work. The author was by neceffity a foldier, but by profeffion an artift and a man of letters; hence the remains of the architecture, the feulpture, and the painting, of the antient Egyptians were the principal objects of his attention; and thefe he has deferibed, both by words and the pencil, fo as to render them highly interefting to all those who feel any curiofity about a nation from whom antient Greece derived her fublimeft philofophy, and which is infeparably connected with the earliest ages of the Jewish history. "With regard to the prefent English edition, a few words remain to be faid. The narrative, in the original, is one continued journal, without diviftion of chapters, from the einbarkation of the author at Toulon to his landing again in France, at Frejus. To this are added feveral notes, more particularly illuftrative of the plates, and mentioning little traits of manners and cuftoms, which the author, either from inadvertence or want of opportunity, neglected to introduce into the text. The tranflator, however, has taken the liberty of breaking the journal into feparate chapters, without, however, in the leaft degree, altering the order of its arrangement, and, in a few inftances, of incorporating with the text fuch parts of the notes as appear to have been thrown into the end of the original work, merely in confequence of having been forgotten. Notwithstanding the liberal allowance of plates, it has been found expedient, for fear of too much enhancing the price of this edition (the French edition of which fells in London for 21 guineas), to leave out a few which are contained in the original. The picturefque views, therefore, of the battles, and of fome other tranfactions which, from their very nature, must be mere fancy-pieces, are omitted. A fimilar liberty has alfo, occafionally, been taken in felecting the bett of two or three views of the fame place from different pofitions. In this arrangement the proprietors have been enabled to retain nearly the whole of those engravings which reprefent the archi tectural and hieroglyphical remains of Upper Egypt, and comprize the valuable part of the decorations of this fplendid work. A. A." The vafe in the court-yard of the mofque of St. Athanafius, in the French euve, is here, I. 72, tranflated a bowl. In II. 147, 148, liftel feems a mifprint for lintel. P. 230, 1. 8, the intermede. Among other omiflions in this tranflation we regret that of the other examples of munny MSS. and other fpecimens of writing. We could have wifhed for a inore copious index to fuch a work; but the fhort time allowed to gratify the eagerness of public curiofity muft plead the excufe. 189. Another tranflation has been given, by Edward-Auguftus Kendal, efq. on a feale ftill lefs expenfive, though perhaps fufliciently diffufe to gratify eager curiofity. 190. EGYPT; a Poem, defcriptive of that Country and its Inhabitants; written during the late Campaign. By M. M. Clifford, Efq. of the Twelfth or Prince's Light Dragoons. "IN prefenting the following fmall poem to the infpection of an enlightened publick, whofe attention has been ftrongly excited, and national pride fondly gratified, by the recent events in that country which it propofes to delineate, the author has many and more urgent inducements than the cafual indulgence of literary vanity. Written at uncertain intervals, and under every difadvantage of time and place, he has, upon mature revisal, allowed it to retain the fame fimple dress it firft wore; a drefs which may best unfold the feelings that excited, and the train of ideas that contributed to its execution. The publick are now, therefore, in poffeflion of it as it was compofed, during the avocations of military duty, in a small tent on the fands of Egypt, amidst the orange-groves of Rofetta, or on the tempeftuous bolom of the Mediterranean. The opinion of the world, now well acquainted with the principal facts which led to the conqueft conquest of Egypt, will beft appreciate the merit of thofe who bore a difunguifhed part; and thefe lines, unambitious of offering incenfe to the rifing fun, have turned atide with melancholy pleasure to pay a flender tribute to one who, alas! is now deaf to the voice of praife." (Advertisement.) This modeft and pathetic Introduction nuft conciliate Reviewers, even were there not fuch lines as the following in the poem: "Shall not one Mufe lament her hero's doom, And drop the tear on Abercromby's tomb? Nor mark the period of the good and brave. Where too the Briton 'mid the can- Undaunted stept upon the hoftile shore, ing towers, Or the description of Rofetta : "Where richly deck'd with fun-reflect[howers, Fann'd by the fragrance of her citron High o'er her head the tall palmetto fpreads, Low at her feet its fweets the myrtle fheds; Warm round the fpot the glowing orange blooms, [tumes." And poignant lemons fcatter freth perAnd of the Turk and his Harem, and the fentiments of its unhappy inhabitants, contrafted by thele fweetlyfympathetic lines: "Yet these fine marks of Nature's fond Thefe wild effufions of a feeling foul, ני We could with pleasure tranfcribe the comparison between the cottager of Arabia and of Wales; of the two perfons dying of the plague, expofed and deferted in a boat on the Nile, with the expofure of children in Sparta and China, and of old men by the American favages. Take, however, the picture of Egypt refreshed by the overflowing of the Nile : "Then o'er the moisten'd plains the kindly pours The wondrous produce of her native ftores; There its broad leaf the green tobacco The pepper ripens in its cultorʼd beds, Canto II. after opening with an addrefs to the poet's friend, Mr. Hayley, and his claffic grove of Eartham, paints the fucceffive fates of Egypt, from its being the nursery of Science to its fubmillion to various conquerors—the picture of Bedouin, "that, with impetuous haste, Ye fimple natives of a Southern clime, The origin and progrefs of the Mameinkes are the next fubject, the alarm and mifchief they have occafioned to the Porte, who counteracts them by ris val Beys; their present state. "Succeeding ages have with wonder view'd Still from the parent fource the racerenew'd. Circaffia ftill and rich Abaz pour [foul, Their captive fons to Egypt's diftant shore; Bares his right arm to meet the battle's rage." The Illd canto opens with an addrefs to an affectionate and beloved mother; and from it we shall extract a few lines: "Say, antient Nile, thou tutelary stream, Nor |