"The population of the United States is now estimated at fomewhat more than five millions. This number of perfous is difperfed over a country extending to nearly 16 degrees of latitude on the fea-coaft, between the degrees of 31 and 47; in length, 1250 miles, and in breadth, 1040; and comprehending within the whole 589 millions of acres of ground. From the above calculations it would appear, that a conft. derable time must elapse before the population of it could in any way become fo far numerous as to render the inhabitants at all in the way of each other. This, however, has been latterly denied; and a writer, who has recently taken a view of this fubje&t, fixing the incre fe on regular and progreflive data, obferves, that, in 1791, the population of America was numbered at four millions; in 24 years it will amount to eight millions; in 40 years, to 16 millions; in 60 years, to 32 millions; in 80 years, to 64 millions; and 85 years, to 80 millions." Mr. Jefferfon, in his Notes on Virginia, is alfo alike fanguine on a rapid and extraordinary increase of population in the United States. The Abbé Raynal falls far below them both: he says, if ever to millions of men find a certain fubfiftence in the American provinces, it will be much.' Perhaps the opinions of the Abté Raynal on this fubject may not now be deemed entitled to hold the estimation they did previous to the provinces he speaks of undergoing the great political change which they have fince done; an event, had he been at all aware of it, tha would in all likelihood have produced tome difference of fentiment, and the predomina "A fhort View of the Adminiftrations in the Government of America, &c. &c. By George Homerton, Eiq.”" + "The Duc de Larcourt. Travels in the United Stwes of North America, 8vo, vol. IV. p. 540." ting influence of which, it may be prefumed, would not have escaped his acknowledged fagacity and fuperior philofophical penetration. “Should the calculation, however, of the latter be no longer admitted on this point,. there are some reafons for believing that. and condere tu aerard Me increase of people thofe of the former are much too indefinite conjectural; and various causes which like what they have fpoken of. Of thefe, the fingle one of the climate cannot be viewed as being likely to bear the leaft confiderable fway. A large proportion of the United States, from the most accurate enquiries, is certainly less healthful thanmot of the countries of Europe. If the most falubrious parts within them approach near thofe countries in this respect, it is the whole they poffibly may be allowed to claim. But between the Northern and Southern States the difference of climate is aftonishingly great, and is a calamity that, in the latter, is feverely felt, and an inconvenience that proves greatly in the way of their advancement. From Virginia (even this State is not entirely to be exempted) the country becomes pregnant with disease; and in the three States to the Southward of it, the Carolinas and Georgia, health cannot be faid to be enjoyed but in a very li mited degree. The people inhabiting the mountainous or upper parts of thefe States are lefs fubject to difeafe than those who refide on the fwamps or marfhes of them. for most destructive, and fatal indeed, are the last places to the human constitution. "Many of the natives, who live in the lower parts of the Southern States, pertinaciously infitt on the falubrity of the air and wholesomeness of the climate of their upper country. Comparatively viewed, they perhaps may be entitled to fome diftinction, though, I believe, few will be found fituated in either, whofe fqualid countenances and emaciated form, do not too confpicuously difcover the repeated conflicts they must have had with the banefui concomitant of both-the fall fever. In these States this is the emphatic, and almoft the exclufive, name by which disease is denominated. "The above may be confidered as one reafon for determining, that the increase of population, at least my the Suites laftnamed, will not advance with the fame rapidity as in the Northern. Emigration, from like causes, muft to them be less trequent, as the end to be a tamed from it will, from fo difcouraging an obitacie, be in a great degree defeated. "In the cities or large towns that are fituated near the fea, as Charlestowi, South Carolina, Wilmington, North CaroIna, &c. &c. this periodical or autumnal fever is not kno in as it is in the country Immediately contiguous to them. The city of of Savannah, in Georgia, is not particuIarly unhealthful, although it is removed fome miles from the fea. But the fever which has made fuch melvicholy and dreadful ravages for fome years palt in the firit city, has proved far more deplorable in its confequences than the malady of which I have jutt (poken. "The inlands on the fea near the const are but lightly affected by the fall fever. What yet appears extraordinary, and fee as to determine the locality of difcafe in the States I am now dwelling on, is, that the Flondas, which are fome degrees farther to the South, and infinitely hotter, are new vertheless very gener lly confidered as being lefs liable to complain. The fall fever, partially known in Virginia, rarely extends beyond the neigbourhood of its rivers.” Mr. URBAN, IN Aug. 5. N compliance with the request of a correfpondent, p. 59, I forward the following particulars. Throughleigh, or Throwley, is in the county of Kent, and hundred of Faversham. In Domeday, it is denominated Trevelia; and in later Latin records, Trulega and Trailla. It is fituated about five miles to the Southward of Faversham, and has not even a village of any confequence in it, but a number of cottages festered over different parts of the parith. In 1587, the communicants were 180; and in 1640, 220. The church (fee Plate II. fig. 1) is fituated about the centre of the parish, and is dedicated to St. Michael. It confifts of three ailes and as many chancels, with a fquare tower, containing a peal of fix bells, between the South aile and its chancel. It bears very few marks of the antiquity of which your correfpondent thinks it may boat, excepting two Saxon doorways, one at the Weft end, and another on the South fide; but they have nothing peculiar in their conftruction, and probably are the remains of fome anterior ftructure, perhaps of the priory. An alien priory was established in this parish, in the reign of King Stephen, as a cell to the Benedictine abbey of St. Bertin at St. Omers, the capital of Artois, in Flanders; William de Ipre, in 1153, having given this church, with that of the neighbouring que of Chilham, to it for that purpofe; which gift was confirmed by the king, and afterwards by the charters of Henry II. and III. It is probable that no GENT. MAG. October, 1802. other parts of the church but the door ways abovementioned are of earlier date than the 15th century; and which. conjecture is in fome measure corrobo rated by the following infeription remaining in one of the windows in Ola English: Prai for ye good Ales Marten, y whiche did make y wyndow a'. d'i." MCCCCCXLV." In the different chancels are many antient monuments for the family of Sondes; and in other parts of the church fome others of note, particu larly a ftone for Thomas Hoymanden, patron and rector of Purleigh, in Ef tex, prebendary of Lincoln, one of the feniors of St. John's college, Cambridge, and one of the fix preachers of Christchurch, Canterbury, with the following verfe: "Steepe, harmless corps, enjoy that reft Between the middle and fide chancels are two very antient tombs, fuppofed to contain the athes of Sir Regihald Sondes, and of William Sondes, efq. who died in 1474. In the South chancel, on a brafs plate, in old English ? "Here lyeth RYCHARD SONDES, gent. the fe.onde fore of Robert Sondes, of Thorleght, elquyer, which Richard dyed bachelor the mij daye December, in the fyrite yere of ye raigne of our foverayng lady Quene Elizabeth, anno D'ni MvLVII." An altar-tomb of alabaster, with the effigies of Sir Thomas and Lady Sondes, admirably feulptured, kneeling before two books refting on a pre-died. It is remarkable that the hands of all the figures in this church are fawn off at the writts, probably the labours of our pious fanatical purgators. On the fides of the tomb are the following inferiptions in Roman capitals : "Here lyeth Dame CYCYLE, y fir [wife of Sir Thomas Sonds, knight, and daughter [of John Tvfton, of Hothfyld, efquire, who died y 18 of June, anno Domini 1584. Joyrde in ye nearest bond of dearest love, Here lies his first entier helovyd wife, Whome every harte for vertve did approve, And Held in grare for honour of her life, Sweete, curtyfe, fober, loyall, and difcrecte, Mylde of her minde, and heedfyll to ot fend, Fvil Full of kinde pittie where the fovnd it children yt were alive, wch was 2 fonnes On another tomb, with two figures kneeling, fimilar to the laft, in Roman capitals, is, "Here lyeth Dame MARYE SONDS, ye onelye wife of St Michaell Sonds, of Throwley, in the county of Kent, knight, and davghter and fole beyre of George Fynche, of Norto', in the faid county, efq. She had by her faied hviband 6 fonnes and 6 davghters born alive, namely, Sr Richard Bunds, knight, married to Svíann, one of -ye daughters of St Edward Montagy, and George, Thomas, Robert, William, and Hobbye Sonds. Of all theife fonnes there remayned alive at her death S Richard Sonds and William Sonds. Ye faied 6 davghters, amelye, Elizabeth, married to George Walker, efq. wth Elizabeth lyeth buried in y' chappell; ye other 5 davghters were all prefent at her death; of we ye eldeft, called Jane, had been twife mar ried, firft to Edward Fivd, efq. next to St Thomas Mave, knight; ye next davghter, called Pavlyne, married to 5 Maximillian Daliifon, knight; the other 3 davghters, namelye, Aune, Martha, and Jvdeth, were all unmarried at ye tyme of her death. She lyved to good yeares, and was hetweene 50 and threefchore when he died, we was ye 23 of September, 16c3, ye fint year of Kinge James. God Lo bleifed her as the fawe fome of her children's children, and had y earthly confoeign to be felfe (thorghe grelvoys to her and 5 davghters, prefent at ye closing vp of her eyes), for her death her Iyvinge frinds did then lament, and ye longer they live doe ye more finde ye loffe of her." On the North fide of the Weft end of the chapel is a mural monument, with a butto and trophies of white marble. On the tablet, which is of blacks marble, is the following infcription "Here lyeth the body of Capt. Arms. Sondes. black marble, finely polished, is : On a handfome table monument of "The bodies of ST GEORGE SONDES, Earl of Faversham, and of MARY, Countess of Faversham, his lady, are here interred: the Earl, April the 30th, 1677; the Countefs, Sep' the 15th, 1688: whofe lives were noble, beneficent, and charitable. Twodaughtersdefcended from this marriage: the Lady Mary Sondes, married to Lewis Lord Duras, and Baron of Holdenby, who died without flue; the Lady Catherine Sondes, married to Lewis Lord Rockingham, afterwards created Earl of Rockingham, in the county of Northampton, 1 Lord Viscount Sondes of Lees Court, and Baron of Throwley, in the year 1714. She departed this life March 21, 1695, leaving to her numerous iffue a pattern of the most confummate goodness and picty. Edward Lord Vifcourt Sondes, of LeesCourt, eldeft fon and heir apparent of this marriage, adorned with all virtue, remembring when very young to have heard his mother exprefs an inclination to have a monument erected in this place, to preferve the memory of the faid Earl and Countess of Faversham, intended to do it in this form. But God having been pleafed to deprive his family and the world of fo excellent perfon the 20th. March, 1721, his relict and widow, Catherine Lady Viscountess Sondes, conformable to the piety of her dear Lord's intention, whose Ichief ambition is to follow that, and his example, las capsed it to be done; and the chancel * Chancel and other monuments of his ancestors be repaired in the year 1728." Arms, Sondes, impaling on a crofs five efcallops. About one mile to the Eastward of Throughleigh church is Leveland, a very fmall parish in the fame hundred as the foregoing. The church (fig. 2) is a plain antient ftructure, being newly erected in 1222. It confifts of one aile open to the roof, and a chancel, which is cieled. At the North side of the aile is a chapel, feparated from the nave by a thick fquare pillar and two plain pointed arches; which being in a ruinous ftate, and partly fallen down, has very lately been re-built at the expence of the Hon. Lord Sondes. On the Weft end of the roof of the aile is a boarded turret, in which were formerly two finall bells, one of which is full remaining; the other, after fianding feveral years in the church, was fold upwards of 50 years fince. At the North fide of the chancel is a neat mural monument of white marble, having, under an arch, the effigies of a woman kneeling before a prie-dieu. Behind her a man in armour alfo kneeling. In a frieze of black marble above the arch is the following infeription in Roman capitals. "A memoriall of Mri KATHERINE ROOPER, Widdowe, defcended of the fa[milie of the Whithornes, in Sommerfetfhire; first mar[ried vnto Thomas Herdfon, efq. by whom the bad iffve 2 davghters, Bar[bara and Anne, being twinns, who dyed in their infncie; and one fonne, named [Francis, who attaining voto the age of 35 years, dyed the 13th day of De[cemb' a Di 1606, and lyeth here buried; fecondly, he was married vnto Edmvod, [Rooper, efq. by whom he had no iffve." On a black marble tablet below the figures, in Roman capitals: "Here lies a wight whofe vertves merite pra fe; A maide, a wife, a widdowe, in her dayes; tame. per chevron fleur-de-lis Ar. and Sa. two towers in chief of the laft, in base an efcallop Or. Right fide, over her head, Roper, viz. Party perfefs, Az.and O. a pale and three roebucks' heads crazed counterchanged, impaling as the other fhield. On a lozenge at the top of the monument, arms as the impalement Z. COZENS. fingly. THE PROJECTOR, N° X. "Qui uti feit, ei bona; illi, qui non utitur recè, mala," FERENT. ALTHOUGH the infufficiency of riches to procure happiness be a maxim eftablished by univerfal experi ence, and their tendency to corrupt the heart be no lefs certain, where they operate upon a weak understanding; yet as there are fome perfons to whom thefe truths appear as paradoxes, I have given the following letter an early place; not, however, without fufpicion that the author is rather a painter than a fufferer; nor without hinting, that he cannot earn the praife of originality who merely deferibes the infuence of money acquired without intellectual effort. To the AUTHOR of the PROJECTOR. Sir, The fubject of your laft paper, and fome incidental reflections in your for mer fucubrations, have fuggefted to me that you are the perfon to whom I may now reveal ny cafe, and one of thofe writers to whofe opinion if I had long ago adhered, I might have avoided my prefent perplexities. I have no uncommon complaints indeed to make, no new reflections to offer on the fhortnefs or uncertainty of human life, or on the miferies ufinally attached to the inhabitants of this lower world. Mine are diftrefles which frequently occur; but, as I do not remember to have feen them reprefented in a manner corre fpondent with my feelings, I am induced to think that you may probably difcover fomething original, if not in the incidents, which I confefs are common even to vulgarity,' at least in the confìruction of my narrativé. My parents were of the middle rank of life in the place where they lived, although in the metropolis they would perhaps have been reckoned among the low. Their circumftances were just fufficient to give their children, of Arms, on two fhields on the back-whom I was the eldeft, an education ground.-Left fide, over his head, fomewhat more ext nfive than comHerdfon, viz. Ar. a crofs Sa. between mon; and their wish was to infill four fleurs-de-lis Gu.; impaling, Parted fuch principles in us, of religion and vi: tuo virtue, as might atone for the deficiencies of birth and fortune. Of my youth, nothing is worth mentioning; it was spent in learning and practiling what was good and ufeful, and I entered the busy world with better principles as well as better profpects than youths' of my rank ge-, nerally can boat. The death of a relation to whom I was configned in London, put me early in poffeflion of a bufinefs which I then thought lucra tive; and I was fo well pleafed with its produce, that I married a young woman without any fortune, merely becaufe I loved her. This was the happiest time of my life, and it lafted fome years. Bufinefs increased, for I equally hated idlenefs and extravagance but unfortunately for me, it happened to increafe with too great rapidity; and by fome of thofe lucky hits which are neither uncommon nor difhonourable, I was furprifed by the fudden acceffion of a profufion of wealth, beyond my utmott expectations, and I may honeftiy fay, as far as I can remember, beyond my moft fanguine wishes. And here began al my miferies. Every morning and every evening, at home and abroad, in the parlour and the counting houfe, fome dæmon whispered in my ear, "You are immenfely rich: act accordingly." This demon was not my wife, as fome may fuppofe, although fe, I muft own, was not backward in figgefting that many improvements were now neceifary, of which we never before felt the finalleft want. Our very perfons feemed to increafe beyond the dimenfions of our rooms; while our furniture, which came every day in quantities from the cabinet-maker, almoft in plain language laid "We are frangely out of place here." Our Health, too, became fo very opulent ás to defpife the narrownels of the ftreets, and threatened to leave our vulgar bodies, if we did not immediarely purify them by removing into the country. This was no foouer fuggelled than executed; for when was it known that money could not convert a houfe into a villa, and turn a paved yard into a floping lawn? But the changes in our conftitutions were not confined to the general fate of heakh. The fiomach, to which gold frequently flies when the head Will not bear it, began to be to affected, that it could not admit food at the ufual hours. There was not only a diftafte but an abfolute loathing of early meals; and I believe my wife would as foon have been caught in an intrigue, or, what is worfe, would as foon have paid a drefs vifit in an undrels wig, as be detected in the fact of fitting down to table at our old hour of two o'clock. Yet, as fudden riches bring on a train of confequences for which it is impoffible to be prepared, we did not leap from two to five without fonie qualmis, which were not very eafy to bear: and, to fay the truth, although we afterwards found it neceffary to prorogde the dinner to fix or feven, I have not even yet been able to conquer a certain coarte hankering for food which feizes me about Change time, and operates like a fting of confcience, which the lenitive decoctions neither of a BIRCH nor a BUTLER Can pluck out, or appeafe.. I might add, what you have, no queftion, already anticipated, the equipage, and dress, and fervants, and er tertainments, and in fhort the whole grandeur of people of fortune; all which I was irrefiftibly perfuaded to procure and exhibit by that voice which perpetually called out, "You are immenfely rich: act accordingly.” But I wave a detail of thefe particulars, as things which may be gazed at any day; and shall not attempt to deferibe either the pannels of my coach, or the hammereloth and housings-the many hundreds whom my wife bas entertained at a rout-nor the vafi varieties of her drefs, her bandeaus, loops, and feftoons, which the exhibited on high days. All these matters came to us, as they do to others, through the grace and favour of the moft eminent coachmakers, cooks, milliners, and mantuamakers, and are well known to the gay world. That they were necessary, I can by no means fay; nor plead any other excufe for aiming at fuch diftinctions, and partaking of the glories of Log-Acre and Bond fireet, than what I have already offered, that voice which for ever cried louder and louder, " You are immenfely rich: act accordingly.” It was my misfortune, Sir, to follow this advice, without taking the trouble to underfland it: and it is evident that, without underlanding it, you cannot know whether it comes from a good or an evil spirit. It is one of thot fatal double entendres, thole |