hibit, in its genuine purity, a fyftem female in queftion has lived publicly as of terrorifm; the indignities heaped the miftrefs of Berthier, and of other upon Mr. Mainwaring; the infults French republican generals. With fuch offered to thofe who voted for him; a woman it feems that English ladies the unchecked clamours and execra- of the highest rank think it no difgrace tions of the populace, are terrifying to affociate!!!" (p. 7.) "Does this proofs of what may be effected by mif- afionishing condefcenfion in our fereprefentations; while they ftamp with males proceed from that tender and indelible difgrace the caufe which owes compaffionate fympathy with guilt fo much of its fuccefs to the artifices which has been caught from the Gerwhich excited them. A collection of man fchool, and which impels us to the hand-bills and advertisements dif- confider vice as an object of compaffion tributed during the courfe of the elec- and indulgence, rather than of horror tion would exhibit a compendium of and deteftation? or is it the refult of an defamation not eafily paralleled; and opinion, that the principles of female it might be published, if the mind did virtue muft derive fuch vigour from the not revolt from the perufal of calumny, circumftances of the times and the preof which there cannot be a groffer in- fent ftate of the focial world as to fland flance than in that attached to the no longer in need of thofe auxiliaries cook of Cold Bath Fields prifon, by which have hitherto been found necefmifreprefentation of the report of the fary to affift it in its ftruggles with pafcommittee." But the truth would not fion and temptation? or is it produced have anfwered the purposes of thofe by the fanction which the Legiflature, who drew the advertisements. Such by repeatedly refufing to prohibit adulhave been the impofitions practifed on terous marriages, and indeed to fubject the publick. Thofe who diftinguifhed adultereffes to legal penalties, has feemthemselves by their exertions in favour ed to give to this moft atrocious and of Sir Francis Burdett, and the millers molt pernicious of all the vices which votes, are next canvaffed. On thefe difturb the order and endanger the c and other fimilar queftions fome point- iftence of civil fociety? In whatever ed obfervations are offered; but, as the caufe it originates, it furnishes an indetermination is referred to a higher dication of the most unfavourable natribunal, we fhall wave any farther ture; and its tendency is pernicious in dilcullion. the highest degree." (pp. 4, 5.) Any decay of a fentiment which is the grand operative principle of human virtue and felicity inuft be attended with a proportionate degree of corrup tion and calamity. The operation of this faibion is favoured, in the greatest degree, by the corruption of the times, by the rage for pleasure and diffipation, which new contrivances are daily invented to increafe. The Pic Nic Society will here naturally prefent itself to the mind of the reader. The publications which pollute the female mind, by filling it with images from which Modefiy would turn with horror, and by prints of the moft grofs and fhocking obfcenity, with regret we add, are multiplied in an alarming degree.

176. Remarks on modern Female Manners, as
diftinguished by Indifference to Charter and
Indecency of Drefs; extracted from "Re-
flections, political and moral, at the Conclu-
fion of the War. By John Bowles, Efq."
TOO much circulation cannot be
given to thefe remarks on a degree of
depravity which is fanctioned by Vir-
tue and Rank. "That women of
fabion in this country have made
great advances towards a fiate of total
indifference refpecting the moral cha-
racter of the females whom they admit
into their fociety, ftriking proofs are
at this moment publicly exhibited.
The feelings of respectful Loyalty muft
here impofe a reftraint upon the pen;
'for, every one who has the leaft regard
for virtue, or even for decency, muft
be agonized by reflections which it
might be improper to exprefs. In an-
other cafe of a fimilar kind, which now
prefents itself to the notice of the pub-
lick, no claims to refpect impofe filence
or refirain indignation. A woman of
the most infamous life is now received
into the highest circles of fashion. The

177. Elegy to the Memory of Francis late Duke of Belford. By Henry Steers, Gent.

SOME Yorkshire farmer, conceiving himfelf infpired by the Mufe of Agriculture, utters certain elegiac ftrains, with other fhepherds and hufbandmen, who are weeping to quit their fleecy care and toil.

"A

"At length the goddess cries,. 'Enough
this flow,

My children, of uṇutterable wne.
Now to the mighty dead your voices raife,
The general burft will ne'er exceed his
praife."

178. An Eluridation of the Conduct of bis
Holiness Pope Pius VII. with respect to the
Bifbops and Ecclefiaftical Affairs of France.
In a Letter to a Country Gentleman. With
a new Tranflation of the late Briefs, the one
addreffed to the Catholic Prelates, the orber
to the Archbishop of Counth, relative to
the Schifmatical Prelates of that Country.
By the Rev. John Milner, M. A. F.S. A.
MR. M. fhews that the Pope has
only exercifed the powers of his pre-
deceffor, Pius VI. and reftored the
Catholic religion in France, re-uniting
that country with the Holy See, in a
manner fimilar to that which Pole, as
legate from Julius III. purfued in
England in the reign of Mary, when
he confirmed the proceedings of Henry
VIII. in regard to re-placing monks
with fecular chapters, and erecting five
new bishopricks. The Pope has an
abfolute power of eftablishing, altering,
or regulating bifhops and their fees.
The churches of France were origi-
nally founded by an authority derived
from the Holy See, and of courfe they
have received whatever jurifdiction they
poffefs from the fame fource. If the
prefent Pontiff has yielded to circum-
tances, and, though with great regret,
made many changes in antient difcipline
which he found it neceffary to make,
from the impoffibility he experienced
of effecting the refloration of religion
in France by the miniftry of its ordi-
nary bishops, Mr. M. is hence com-
pelled to admit that civil allegiance
is a confcientious duty, and that every
Chriftian is strictly bound to fupport,
to the utmost of his power, the lawful
government of his country, and the
juft rights of his fovereign. But when,
by God's permission, and the natural
inftability of human affairs, another
order of things has taken place, and is
firmly established in a country, fo that
any oppofition to it would evidently
tend only to create public confufion
and private mifery, in fuch a cafe the
very end of civil government requires
that we fhould peaceably fubmit to
this new order, and, neither by open
force or fecret artifice, attempt to dif
turb it. It will be feen that the pre-
lates clearly diftinguish between their
duties as bifhops and as French citi

zens The former they every where defcribe as fixed and afcertained by divine revelation; the latter they reprefent as having been left by God to the difputes of man, and therefore they profefs not to require abfolute unity of mit the lawfulnefs of change in the ciopinion concerning them. They advil conftitutions of a country; and accordingly they acknowledge themfelves to have concurred with the rest of the

National Affembly in depriving their virtuous Monarch of the abfolute power he before poffetled*, and in enlarging the liberties of the people to the degree we know they were extended at the period in queftion. Though I would not, if I were in the occafion of it, urge the conclufions that refult from the principles and doctrines here ftated, in a confcientious point of view, with refpect to any of the learned and virtuous bishops or other clergy of France, becaufe I am neither authorized nor qualified to teach them their duty; yet I fhould have no difficulty in declaring it to them, as my deliberative opinion, that it is greatly for the intereft of the ftates of Europe, and particularly for that of the royal family of France, that they should make that civil fubmiffion to the established authority of their country which will enable them to labour with effect in bringing it back to a fenfe of religion t The truth is, nothing but the energies of divine religion can harmonize the difordered minds of the French people to thofe fentiments of moderation, humanity, fubordination, and good faith, which are equally neceffary for the peace and happinefs of the world and

power on its ruins. EDIT.
* And establishing a MORE abfolute

that I do not take upon myself to pro+"It is implied, by what is here faid, nounce, in a confcientious point of view, on the nature of the promise of fubmiffion to the laws required at prefent of ecclefiafticks by the French Republick. It would, however, in my opinion, he an unwarrantable ftretch of cafuiftry to explain any general act of fubmiffion to the conftiruted civil authority into an approbation tioned by it. We English Catholicks have of every law or regulation which is fancbound ourselves, by a very folemn and Country; yet we do not confider ourselves ftrict oath of allegiance to our King and gainft the practice of divorce, and feveral as thereby precluded from protesting aother matters of a confcientious nature, as regulated by the existing laws." (p. 55.)

themselves.

Majefty. In the fixed allowances to the Royal Family there is but a trifling excefs; they have varied only as circumftances rendered that variation indifpenfably neceffary. On the head of Penfions, refpecting which a jealoufy would most naturally be entertained, there was an actual faving to a confiderable amount: of

After flating the whole of the Aids' granted to each Sovereign in the lat century, fo as to shew the average income of each, he gives, from a table conftructed by Sir George Shuckburgh, fhewing the average value of money at different periods, according to the prices of the principal articles of confumption and of use,

1700
1720

1740
1760

238 1780

384

257

1790

496

287

1795

531

562

342 1800

"If," obferves Mr Rofe, " 761,000k was a fuitable income for the Civil Lift during the reigns of Queen Anne and King George I. the amount ought, accord

thofe, indeed, that were granted, it would be feen, on a close investigation, how few were likely to have been given from pure favour. And all the gifts of Royal Bounty, in the fixteen years, were under 30,000l.; not one thilling of which was for any concealed purpose, as the names of the parties who received the fame, and the fervices, are entered in the book which was before the Committee compofed of gentlemen of different political connexions; and no fuging to the above proportion, to have been ̧ geftion was heard of the most trifling fum dible in 1792, at the end of which year having been hestowed improperly the war began; and when the excels, in Under the head of Tradefmen's Bills, confequence thereof, became confiderable, Mr. Rofe obferves, from causes entirely unconnected with his Majefty's farmi'y, or with any fource of favour or patronage."

"

"That an exceeding of less than 400,000l. in the departments of the Lord Steward, Lord Chamberlain, and Maßler of the Horse, is to be explained on an expenditure, estimated at 116, ccl. per annum, amounting, in fixteen years, to 1,856,cool. equal to about e per cent.

thereupon. This increate must be thought

extremely moderate, when it is known that it appeared, by accounts before the Committee, that, in the Lord Steward's department, the prices of many kinds of provifions are more than double, and, on the whole, at least 70 per cent higher than in 1786. It is alfo notorious that very great advances have taken place in the price of labour, and articles for building, &c. under the direction of the Lord Chamberlain; and in the price of provender, &c. for horfes, under the controul of the Mafter of the Horfe.

"Much commendation is juftly due to thofe to whom the management in the different departments has been entrafted; but, unless there had been confiderable retrenchments and deprivations by the Sovereign himself, the excets of expenditure muit have been much greater."

Mr. Rofe, having alluded to the difadvantageous exchange for his Majetty made on his acceffion, remarks,

"That, if his Majefty had been in poffeffion of the fame fources of revenue as his Royal Grandfather, his income, from 1786 to 1800, would have been 1,416,0col. per annum, instead of 900,000l.; and of courfe, if the 120,000l. per annum, granted to King George II. to fupply eventual deficiencies in the Civil Lift Revenue, braid been withheld, his revenue would flf bave been nearly 400,000l. a year more than the grants of Parliament."

GENT. MAG. September, 1802.

Mr. Rofe concludes his very clear and fatisfactory statements with the following oblervations, which we cannot deny ourfelves the gratification of laying before our readers in his own unanfwerable words:

"We trust that thefe ftatements are made in fo plain a manner as to be intelligible even to those who are not very converfant with accounts. If they are attentely confidered, we are perfuaded a judgment will be formed not unfavourable to the Adminiftration which was refponfinle for the expenditure, during all the period of our enquiry, except the last year.

"The praife or the obloquy of that Ad miniftration, in other matters, is fubje& to the opinion of their Country. The Reprefentatives of the People have given a favourable judgment on the conduct they purfued, in times certainly the mon criti cal that ever occurred in the Hiftory of Great Britain; in which judgment, there is reafon to believe, a very great majority of the People themfeives concur. Whether their measures were the best and'

wifelt that could have been parfued, it is
not for their friends to pronounce; but
they may venture to allert, that the actual
fituation of the country is fuc, is to afford
no unfavourable prefumption of their wif
dom. With fuch a Conflitation as is pre-
ferved to us, with fuch power, and fuch
refources as have been thewn; with uch
general profperity as the Non er joyɔ af-
ter a struggle to unexampled in
fpects, merit will try he de sied to them
by any candid or fau mar

"Bot, whatever may be the geverf character they may be thought to delive

ONE unequivocal proof of the va Ine of this little volume is the rapid fale of Three Editions, which has encouraged the Compiler to exert his abilities in improving the Fourth. We applaud his zeal; and doubt not but his labours will be rewarded by the proprietors of the work, and patronized by a difcerning publick. More than 100 new lives, many of which are highly interefting, are now first added; and the birth place of many a man of eminence, omitted in more copious publications, has here been indufirioully fupplied. We are fully fenfible of the patient in duftry requifite for fuch a tafk; and

can honefily fympathize with the Edi tor on the lofs of many an hour in fearching for a fiugle date.