model to guide their tatie in any future erection of the like nature," according 10 the fears of your old correfpondent "An Architect," yet the author of the Pursuits of Architectural Innovation," as well as your fenfible correfpondent J. M., certainly acted right, as flaunch antiquaries, in expofing the defects and errors of this building. As they have fuccesfully done this, and as the building ittelf is a fufficient proof of the incapacity of our prefent architects to refiore the genuine Gothic, fall not detain your readers any longer, Mr. Urban, on this fubject, but hafien to another of more conSequence in the fiudy of antiquities. An alarm having lately been spread, amongli thofe who admire to a degree of fuperftition the glories of our an went architecture, left the term Gothic, which they affirm to be alufively and abfurdly applied to our antient edifices, hould tend to give falfe ideas on the fubject, the inventive faculties of many writers have been tortured to contrive an appropriate epithet to be fubfiituted in the place of it; and it is curious to oblerve the various fhifts, turns, circumlocutions, and explanations, into which our topographical writers, and others who have caught the alarm, have been frequently driven, rather than they would be accused of having stumbled on the word Gothic. So far, nd ed, his this panic prevailed, that the venorcale Society of Antiquaries hove, in the plenitude of their collective wildom, thought proper in a Splendid national work to denominate a ipecies of architecture, which was nied by all the confiderable nations of Europe for many centuries, English Architecture. Now, I conceive that every perlon who underftands the Engith language will confider this term as exclufively applied to the architecture of England: and this vague pithet will include all the ftructures railed in this country from the eliablishment of the Heptarchy under King Egbert to the prefent moment. It is alfo manifelt that it can only be a local, not an univerfal, diftinction, a partial, "but not a general term. And what idea would an intelligent foreigner, not acquainted with our architecture, entertain of Weltmintier-abbey or King's College chapel, if he were told that the architecture was of the English kind? If, however, he were told, that the former is one of the moft ele gant fpecimens of pure and fimple Gothie which any country can boait, and that the latter is a maiter-piece of the florid or latest Gothie; he would have a better notion of the manner in which each ftructure is built. Our topographers would be fill more puzzled in endeavouring to convey to their readers a precife and accurate idea of any church, monument, caftle, or crois, which they might undertake to defcribe. Their labour would, indeed, be fhortened by gravely telling us, "it is of English Architecture;" but they would be trifling with the time, and infulting the underflandings, of thofe who wanted information. Whatever objections may be now raifed againft the ufe of the word Gothic, I imagine it would be difficult to invent another which would equally well deferibe the architecture of the middle ages as diflinguifhed from the Grecian, which was practifed for fo many centuries by the defcendants of the Gothe nations, who, by their deftruction of the Roman empire, produced a total change in the arts, manners, cuftoms, languages, and laws, of modern Europe. This, too, is an appellation which fatisfied the learning, the judg ment, and the tafte, of a Lowth, an Addison, and a Warton. And, fince their time, Bentham, Grofe, Milner, and other writers on architectural antiquities and topography, have been conftrained to use it. Mr. Milner, indeed, though he has repeatedly ufed the term Gothic without referve in the body of his Hiftory of Winchefter, in a note feems to approve of the term Norman in its fiead. "Many learned perfons," fays he, (6 now include all the different periods of the Pointed architecture under the general name of the Norman flyle.” How this term would diftinguifh the pointed arch from the femicircular, which is almoft univerfally feen in the Norman fiructures, it would be difficult for thofe learned perions to shew. Having faid enough at prefent, Mr. Urban, to tire your patience and that of your readers, I conclude with recommending to thofe who are fo zealous to prevent and condemn all innovations in what they wish to call Englijk architecture, not to make innovations in the English language. The reafons ftated in a note to the account of Durham Cathedral, publifhed by the Society of Antiquaries, which induced them to ufe the phrafe English architecture for the Pointed order of Gothic, may be difcufled on fome future occafion. I wifh only at prefent to know, what national traditons of other countries afcribe their mot beautiful churches to English artifis, as aflerted in the abovementioned note? Yours, &c. Mr. URBAN, I. I. July 18. contrary, I view it as a fymptom of the returning religious art of building, and it mult at least be allowed equal to many of our oldeft country churches. When fuperftition and enthutiatin prevailed, men of large property thought a place in Heaven might be purchated by erecting a fuperb church, and founding a chantry for mailes in one corner of it. It is not to be wondered at, then, that we have fo many rich buildings remaining as pledges that our ancetiors have a place in heaven: I would, if rich enough, willingly make fuch a purchate, but our opinions are now altered, and a pallage to the regions of happiness is procured by works of unbounded liberality and comfort to man. Look round this valt city, and contemplate the hofpitals and almfhoufes for the reception of every defcription of the wretched; and fay, if you can, "I would rather have feen a grand Saracenic English Gothic church in place of this hofpital." I have briefly account THERE is not a man in England more extravagantly fond of the fiyle of Architecture vulgarly called Gothic than myfelf. But I mult fay, that I think others have a right to pre-ed for the want of places of worship of fer Grecian. The two champions for our glorious old ftructures who have to nobly defended them in your pages deferve the thanks of all true Antiquaries, and have mine fincerely; but furely thofe gentlemen injure our caufe: I know they do, from the obfervations I have heard on their writings. People will not be threatened into opinious; changes must be worked by intimating degrees; and the pleafing defcriptions of fuch authors as Mrs. Radclitle would do more for our old religious buildings than a thoufand anathemas from a violent Antiquary. Perhaps J. M. p. 490, has never read that lady's fervid delineation of the beautiful effect of painted glafs through long ailes (pray, Mr. Urban, what teun fhall I call them by, as thofe the defcribes are generally Italian abbeys?) Every novel writer face the year 1792 or 3, has attempted to introduce a (there, Mr. Tihau, I had like to have laid a Gothic) ruin: and by fuch deferiptions a tatie is imbibed for the awful and venerable file of our ancestors. As a proof, the unfortunate chapel near Tavistock fquare may be adduced. I declare, as a friend to antient English architecture, I hailed the building; for furely, whatever faults may be found in it, it is neither like a ball-room, chapel, nor a Quaker meeting. On the the above defeription. When London was burnt in 1666, great numbers of churches were erected in the Grecian ftyle, and many others in the time of Queen Anne. Why the Grecian fiyle was preferred, it is ufelefs now to enquire. Since that time Government have not thought it neceffary to order any farther additions; if they fhould, give my vote that the abbey of St. Peter's, Wefiniinfter, and other equally rich English cathedrals, may be taken for models; for it is undoubted that they afford every grand and fublime etlect that the art of man can attain in Architecture. So far from wishing to decry such ftructures, fome readers may call the writer of " Londinium Redivivum” a Gothic Enthufiaft. I now come to the point. The madnefs which rages on all fides for building new fireets and fquares, renders new places of worthip neceffary. The first quetition that occurs to the builder, not a religious church-loving man, is where a chapel will be leaft in the way of his intereft. The next, how very plain it may be made; and, if he is very provident, how many cafks and bottles of liquor may be towed under it; as fuch chapels inay be found in every direction. I think the perfons who planned and erected the new building near Tavittock-fquare deferve commendation; furely it is a better and and handfomer defign than its antient mother St. Pancras, and a thoufand times more fo than many I could name of more modern times. If J. M. can point out in my fhort letter a fentence that implies that I thought the design good as a whole, I will thank him. On the contrary, 1 faid, "the windows, battlements, and minute ornaments," were chafte imitations. Whence the architect had his ideas, I know not; it is his place to fay: I but de fend myfelf. And firft the windows (thofe over the doors): one exactly fimilar may be found in the church at Sutton, Surrey, with an infeription on it in Saxon characters (fee Malcolm's plates for Lyfons's Environs of London); the fame kind in St. Helen's church Bishopfgate-ftreet, befides fifty others in the country. That the battlements are correct I pofitively affert; and as pofitively, that plain diminutive arches pointed may be found in very many of our churches. At the fame time, I think the architect ought not to have left out the trefoil in either. 66 You would not with your correfpondents, Mr. Urban, to accompany their drawings with expreflions of " ineffable" contempt" for the fubject; perhaps you would think fuch reprefentations had better been kept hack; on the contrary, when you inform the publick of the additions making to their Metropolis, you would furely with it fhould be done with truth, and, if not with unbounded praife, at leaft with gentle cenfure. I certainly agree with J. M. in believing, with the exceptions made above, that the defign is in the aggregate unique. PANCRAS. Mr. URBAN, July 15. ONSIDERING the peaceful and C tranquil temper affunded by the Society of FRIENDS, permit me, by the channel of your ufeful Circulation, to atk why they are fo inveterate against an old and refpectable reprefentative of the county of Hertford, that one of them, a young man, fupereminently neat and fpruce, fhould tauntingly fay, when the first day's poll was drawing to a clofe, "This is a capital firoke for fo fhort a time!" and when one faid Mr. B. is only four a-head, "Aye, he will be 400 behind to-morrow!" Let the young man and his partizans apply this hint; and let his Society vindicate his Spirit if they can, and fay what but confiftency of a different profeflion prevented the by-ftanders from giving him a fuitable retort? I A HERTFORDSHIRE FREEHolder. Mr. URBAN, July 10. BEG leave to offer fome obfervations on the letter of your corres fpondent Quafior, p. 492, who mentions my writings and inventions relative to the Hebrew Language, and likewife a work, intituled, “The Key of the Holy Tongue," published, in 1593, by John Udail. From the Biographia Britannica, we learn that John Udall "was the firft man King James afked for when he came into England; and being anfwered, that he was dead, the king, whofe judgment was an exact ftandard of learning and learned men, replied, By my fal, then, the greatest scholar in Europe is dead." His "Key of the Holy Tongue" was, it fhould feem, the firft Hebrew grammar in English. The first edition I have not feen; but the Hebrew Dictionary annexed to it is omitted in the fecond edition, of which I have procured a copy. To the fecond edition are annexed the annotations of Ravis of Berlin, formerly professor of the Oriental languages in the university of Upfal. Udall's "Key of the Holy Tongue" is chiefly a tranflation of the Hebrew Graminar of Martinius, which was first published at Paris, 1580+. From a catalogue of books, printed many years ago by order of the Court of Chancery, it appears that two copies of "Udall's Key of the Holy Tongue," and a volume of "Udall's Sermons, 1596," were formerly in the poffeflion of my family. John Udall was father of Ephraim Udall, who, on account of his loyalty to King Charles the Firth, was deprived of his ecclefiaftical prefer ments; and the name of Ephraim Uve dale occurs in the Horton branch of the Uredale family; for Ephraim Uve * Vol. ›li. p. 2060, edit. 1750. + See Gallia Orientalis, five Gallorum qui Ling. Heh, excoluerunt Vitæ, p. 67; and Wolfii Bibliothec. Heh. Intituled, "A Ca'alogue of the Libraries of the Rev. Dr. Robert Uvedale, the father, and of the Rev. Doctor Robert Uvedale, the fon, both late of Enfield, in the County of Middlefex, deceased, and afterwards of the Rev. James Uvedale, Clerk, deceased." dale dale was fon of Francis Uvedale, of WI CONTINUATION OF THE JOURNAL KEPT AT MOCHA. (See p. 499.) Mocha, 10 Aug. 1800, Therm. 87°. HILE Guing at table in the afternoon, noting down the occurrences of the day, I obferved three of the flave girls taking an airing on the terracet of their houfe. Que feemed to bencarly in a fiate of nature. The head as well as face of the fecond difplayed evident marks of cultivation; the back part of the head refembling a full-bottomed wig, and the hair black as jet; the face of a dark brown colour. After attentively viewing the third, I recognized the female who a few days before had turned up the back of her hand to me as a mark of difpleafure for looking at her; inftead of drefling her hair like the bishops' wig, the appeared to day with en queue bien poudre! As to the article of hair powder, I never faw the head of a French woman more completely equipped. Her face was a lighter brown than you commonly meet among the Arabs. She walked the terrace with an air of dignity and grace that was prepoffeffing; and as if fully confcious of her fuperior charins. I prefame her motive for appearing in this fantastic drefs was to ridicule the European mode of decorating the head. The wind for this feafon has for the moft part been from the North-Welt; and the temperature upon an average ten degrees lower than last year. There has likewife been more rain fallen at Mocha than has been known for many years paft; a circumftance the natives are unable to explain in a fatisfactory manner. If I was to offer a conjecture Sir Witham Uvedale was grandfon ot Sir Thomas Uvedale, of Wykeham, Hamp fhire. He married Jane, daughter of John, Dawfon, efq. of Norfolk, and died 1542. The houfes at Mocha are flat-roofed, and terraced with a compofition of theillime, ol, and melaffes, or a refinous fubfare; which is impervious to the rain, and as hard nearly as fione. GENT. MAG. July, 1802 on the fubject, it would be this: that the rains in Abyffinia, which occafion the overflowings of the Nile and fenilize Egypt, have this year been more abundant than ufual, and confequently have occafioned a denfe heavy atmo fphere, as appears from the thick fogs in the months of June and July; this extended to Arabia; the refillance of all bodies, whether folid or fluid, being in proportion to their fpecific gravities. At Mocha the air is expanded by heat, and, containing little noitture or fpecific gravity, was incapable of refifting the preflure of the moilt heavy atmo fphere of Abyllinia, and of courte current of air was conftantly rushing in from the North-Well. But as the atinofphere at a certain temperature is capable of fufpending a certain quantity of noifture only, and as the tenperature is lowered in proportion to its quantity of water contained in the atmosphere, rain will enfue; as we obferved to be the cafe when the thermometer fell to 79° or 80. There was not a fufficient quantity of caloric, or, in other words, a fufficient degree of heat to preferve the water fufpended in the atmosphere in the claftic flaid ftate, or in form of vapour. The fudden fall of the thermometer previous to rain, which I have fometimes oblerved to be 142, proceeds, we know, from the ftrong affinity which water has for caloric, or the matter of heat, which will quit the atmosphere and moft other bodies, and unite with it. I believe it is not clearly afecriained, whether wa ter, in a ftate of exhalation and fufpended in the atmosphere, is decompofed or not; that is, whether the component parts, oxygen and hydrogen, are in a feparate ftate, or combined. I am inclined to adopt the latter opinion; though I know, that by palling the electric fpark through thefe two gafes, or æëriform fluids, union will immediately take place, and water is formed, or, according to the vulgar phrafe, you can make water. I beg leave to make an obfervation refpecting relpiration, which I have which, I believe, will be found to hold frequently noticed in this climate, and good univerfally; that is, when the temperature has becu high, for examnple, at 96 or 97o, which is the bigliett I have ever obferved at Mocha, res fpiration has been eafy, and I have felt no inconvenience from the heat; og the the contrary, when the thermometer has been much lower, for example, at 83° or 84°, I have felt a degree of languor, a ftraightness of the cheft, and difficulty of breathing, and inability to bear exercife or fatigue of any kind. Pleafe to obferre, that in the former inftance there has been a fresh breeze though hot, the air has been light and elaftic, and fo frequently changed that I was not obliged to inhale the fame particles more than once; whereas, in the latter, it was nearly calm, the air moift, denfe, and heavy, and not heing renewed or changed, you are under the neceffity of infpiring the fame air which has already paffed the lungs and loft its power of oxyginating, and of courfe unfit for the purpose of fuftain ing animal life. I mention this to prove the advantages that would arife from ventilators, properly constructed, being employed between decks onboard his Majefty's fhips in calm weather, in hot climates at all times. Wind fails are certainly inadequate to the purpote for which they are defigned in calm weather, though certainly ufeful in climates where you have frequent breezes. And until mankind are better acquainted with the important ufes to which air may be applied in the animal economy, it is in vain to look for any great improve ment. The inveftigating the fubje&t of airs is both curious and interefting; is the fource from whence many important difcoveries in medicine, as well as the arts, are likely to originate; and, next to anatomy, it is perhaps the molt interefting to a medical profeffor. Augult 11. Thermometer 929. The practice of wearing amulets round the legs or arms, is pretty general both among the Arabs and Abyllinians; and, indeed, all the inhabitants of the South-Eaft part of Africa. The Banvans, I obferve, are equally under the influence of fuperftition. Talking with Danima one day, I noticed a final gold Lox, tied round the right arm above the joint of the elbow. I enquired what it contained; and was informed, "a fmall piece of paper, with fome writing, which was an infallible fervative or fafeguard agatoft the malign influence of forcery and witch craft." He had worn it conftantly for twenty-five years; during which period he had no iefs, nor had any misfortune happened to him. He very politely offered to procure me one. On |