ing to it, is the part beft preferved, and exhibits a double aile, with windows, columns, and groins of a fuperior tafte. We, however, regret the difregarded ftate of the Northern end, which, from fome caprice or other, has been thrown open, to afford what is termed a "profpect," a cruel ftroke indeed, and aimed against the entire extermination of this molt complete part of the whole remains. It is true, I have taken fketches of its defign, which with fome may be held fufficient, as it is become the humour with many Antiquaries to be quite paffive as to the deftruétion of a piece of antiquity, fo long as a sketch has been taken from it, though of the flightelt kind; they preferring thus, a "hadow" to the fubftance; a few indefinite strokes given by a pencil or a pen to the antient and hiftorical object itself, whofe features convey into our bofoms all that <6 enthufiafin" only known to thofe who can defpife the ridicule endeavoured to be cast on them for fuch their envied enjoyments.

Continuing on with a wall running parallel to the Weft front of the laftmentioned work, we find an erection, bearing evident figns of having been the Refectory; its Wett frout entite. Having thus particularifed the remnants of the once domefticated part of the Abbey, we come to the fite of the Church. Ai the Weft end, the right fide of the door of entrance is vifible; the South wall of the nave, as before cited, is to be made out; but the Northern wall, faving a few feet to the Eaft, is wholly gone. The walls marking the tranfepts, and the great tower between then, fhew many confiderable portions. The Choir likewife carries on the traces of fide and Eaft walls. At the Weft entrance of the church, and at the beginning of the choir, are fepulchral fiones, and a ftone coffin. At the South fide of the South tranfept are the walls of the chapter houfe, to which is attached a femi-circular-headed avenue.

Tins much for the Church and its attendant buildings. It is to be underflood that, except the crypt of the Dormitory, and the avenue, the other parts of the pile are no more than remnant walls, defpoiled of all their mouldings, and other characteriflicks. Defpoiled did I fay? Yes. Two centuries have afforded opportunities enough for the exercife. What is the date when the last recreation of this

fort took place, I am uncertain; however, a new-erected manfion just above, ' looking fo neat, fo trim, may have derived fome of its fione materials worked over again into flutes, hufks and pateræ, from this religious quarry. How has Time at Waverley flown over its demefies for these few years paft? has happiness been confummate? has Miffortune been a firanger here? We must fuppofe each day has paffed on, ferene or louring as at other places; each hour has told its number, bleft or fearful, as to all they muft.-Well, I am satisfied!

At, iny leaving Waverley, the prefent owner (a new inhabitant) did me the honour of a vifit; went with me over the ruins; liftened with the utmost condefcenfion to my detail of each curious particular; and when we were in the Crypt of the Dormitory, vied with me in commendation of its intrinfic worth: but how short a date is unifon of fentiment, when a difcordant feufe breaks in upon difcuffion! From an unfortunate and perverse animofity which I bear against the cultivation of ivy in certain places, I could not refrain from obferving, how much it militated against the dura bility of the walls wherein we then flood; I advifed, with the mofi earnett entreaty, the taking away the greater part of this vegetation, not only to refcue the walls from ruin, but to restore to fight thofe feveral decorations hidden by it. "Sir," anfwered my accompanyer, "value my ivy more than this my antient building, and had rather behold this luxuriant ftate of Nature's beauteous foliage, than all these architectural features which you feem to hold as poffefling the greater charm. So, good fir, a pleafant evening to you." Convinced at this time of a rebuke fo ftrictly juft and unanswerable; I, rather abafhed, took my leave, being fully fenfible I was quite reprehenfible, and that my fentiments were without either point or reference: fo on I went, reproved, not juftified.

(To be continued.)

***In deference to OXONIENSIS's skill in Architecture, p. 987, I must remind him, that, with regard to my furvey of Oxford, the memoranda were as copious as the nature of this Mifcellany could admit of, and that I profefled to treat of the external architectural innovations only (the interior ones hereafter). And farther: it is as poffible that the great Founder's walls of New

College

College may have had windows introduced in them in lieu of the original ones in Henry the Eighth's reign, as in the reign of George III. Thefe windows are made to fhew out modern "fafh frames, Venetian blinds," &c. Oxonienfis mis-ftates my affertion; I do not fay that any part of the walls of New College were erected in Henry the Eighth's day. I contend again, the doorway under the chapel, and thofe to the feveral lodgings in the court where the chapel ftands, are not the Founder's work, but pitiful imitations" of our antient architecture. What other innovations wrought in this College may have palled unnoticed by me, Oxonienfis has done well to Specify; corroborating at the fame time the neceffity of my furvey, notwithstanding he may not altogether relith the New College part of it; though for what reafon he is the beft judge. This Oxford friend of mine finds likewife, that the whole of my furvey alfo is not either « juft or true."

However, I have no doubt but others, more impartial, will own that "it" is even what I have fet down, a faithful recital of facts. AN ARCHITECT.

only 23 years old, is fuperior to that of Meurtius, who, with a profufion of learning, corrects other writers, leaving Lycophron with little illuftration. The prefent editor has added a few notes, marked with his initial, and a grammatical index, and subjoined an imitation of his own in a poem, in German, on the fiege of Magdeburg. He would have reprinted Scaliger's verfion, but thought it too obfcure. Our editor agrees with Mr. Meen (vol. LXXI. p. 57), that the obfcurity of Lycophron is intentional, or, as he calls it, artificial: all prophetic fubjects requiring a fublime and obfcure flyle; and in this fiyle Callandra is always introduced (peaking by the poet, and exprefily by Ef chyls, Mr. M. agrees with the editor in the character of the editions of Canter, Meurfius, and Potter, and the fcholia of Tzetzes, but fays more of Bertram's tranflation. CLASSICUS.

N your vol. III. p. 558, your correfpondent B. C. decyphers the feat of the corporation of Maidenhead, of which you gave a plate in the preceding Auguft, rather unfatisfactorily to feveral of your friends, who have lately endeavoured to decypher it alfo; and

Knowledge of rare and valuable Editions of Greek and Roman Claffics, no notice is taken of Apollonius Rhodius, Aratus, Lycophron, Appias, Strabo, Manilius. The latest edition of Lycophron's Caflandra is that by Henry Godfrey Reichard, at Leipfic, 1788. This editor, befides the affiflance he derived from former editions by Aldus, one at Bafle, and thofe by Canter, and Meurfius, with the fcholia of Tzetzes and verfion of Scaliger, received fresh aids from three MSS. in the university at Wittemberg, one on parchment, and two on paper, f modern date, with little variation of text, referred to in his notes, but intertined with fhort fcholia befides thofe of Tzetzes. But the notes of Canter are fuch an inexhauftible comprehefive fund of Grecian antiquity and mythology, that it feems extraordinary fucceeding editors have not laid more firefs on them. His verfion is adopted by the prefent editor, as both exact and efear, but with the addition of a paraphrafe under the lines as well as the text, corrected by hira and Potter, and the whole of Canter's commentary, which, though the work of a youili

fuggeftions.

In the first place, the town lies in the hundred of Bray, in Berkshire, bounded by the Thames. The village of Thorney, or Deney, lies on the Buckinghamshire fide of the river, but it does not give the name of the hun dred, for it stands in the hundred of Burnham, and is fo called from a town not far from the river: this feems to militate against the interpretation of the letters which B. C. has ingenioufly decyphered Cantreda Fhaermæ. B. C. alfo fuppofes the head to be that of an ecclefiaflick, from there not being any tonfure, whereas, upon infpection of the feal, it appears to be the head of a female, adorned with a nimbus, or fcarf, embroidered with gold, which diftinguifhed-women formerly wore en their heads or foreheads; furmounted by a femilune, or glory, always at tached to reprefentations of the Virgin Mary, of the Saviour, and of the fainis. Hence it feems tuore probable, that the feal meant to reprefent the Virgin Mary, who in the reign of Edward III. (who, granted the first charter of incorporation to Maiden

head,

head, thentofore called Maiden-hith, and antiently Southealington) was very generally the chief object of adoration. There does not appear to be any ground to aflimilate this with the feal of the great charter, from the fact ftated by B. C. that the femilure on that feal is not inverted, and that a x is prefixed infiead of a star; for a X was the common mode of making and delivering all deeds, and thus we find on this feal a crofs at the top of the legend; but the ftar and the femilune under it, and immediately over the head, gives the head the pre-eminence intended it fhould convey of that of the bleffed Virgin Mary, and which interpretation accords with one of the moft celebrated hymns in the fervice of the Roman Catholic church, "Ave Maria Stella." The flant lines on each fide, we conceive to be merely ornamental, correfponding with thofe below the head. Now we find, in Camden's Britannia, tit. Burkshire, that the town takes its prefent name from a British maiden, whose name he does not know, but pays her the compliment of fuppofing her to have been one of the 11,000 virgins who fuffered martyrdom near Cologne, in their return from Rome with Urfula their leader, by the tyranny of Attila. This probably was the tradition of the place; but whether the name of the town was altered to this fabulous, though induftrioufly circulated ftory, which has fince occupied the fkilful pencil of Claude Lorrain and other partiters, and fome poets, and whether the patronefs was the Virgin Mary or St. Urfula herself, or one of her train, have been all loft in the lapfe of time, and which none of the records of the Corporation elucidate. This preffes for the more practicable enquiry into the defcription of the John Godayr on the feal. We do not find any biftory of Thorney, or Dorney, in Bucks, near Maidenhead; but we do find another Thorney, near the banks of the Cam, in Cambridge; in which place Camden, on the authority of Malinfbury, gives a very picturefque and romantic defcription of a famous abbey, ftanding among thorns and bushes, which before that foundation had been the refort of Anchorites, from whom the town had derived its antient name of Ankarige. Here it was chat Sexuulph, a devotee, fontaded a onaftery, with hermits cells, which was afterwards ruined by the Danes,

but fince re-built by Ethelwold, bi fhop of Winchefter. Malmbury calls it a lodge for chaflity, an harbour for honefty, and a fchool for divine philofophy." The diflance between this place and Maidenhead is too fmall for that circunftance to oppofe the probability of John Godayr being the Chancellor, canon, or pricft, of that foundation, and erecting a religious houfe on the Banks of the Thames at Southealington, and dedicating it either to the Bleiled Virgin, or to St. Urfula, or to one of her fifter martyrs, whofe name has been fince loft, but who had been an English lady, poffibly of his own houfe. Befides, we find that about the period of the date of the charter of Maidenhead, the feals of laymen were either a man on horfeback with a fword in his hand, or a coat of arms; whereas thofe of arrchbishops and bifhops only were, by a decree of Cardinal Otho, legate to this country in 1237, directed to bear in their feals, their title, office, dignity, and even their proper names (Encyclop. tit. Seal). It is therefore fair to conclude, that if John Godayr had not the rank of archbishop or bishop, yet he might have adopted this decree as a priest or canon, and was perhaps principal of his order, or of his own religious house. From fome or all of thefe apparent probabilities, we venture to decypher CAN to be Cancellari (Chancellor), or canonics (prieft or canon), and not cantrede (the hundred). But we with to fubmit this interpretation to the attention of fome of your more intelligent readers. S. and H.

Mr. URBAN,

Dec. 2.
J. M. p. 1014, can hear a little

I Stultiloquium w

been fitted in a very whimsical manner with the cap and bells of a Stultus by the felf-elected Surveyor in the fame page (and whom I refer to p. 987), I will apologize in part for what I have faid to him. J. M's exprellions of good-will are very acceptable; and I a forry our refidences are fo remote from each other, as I do not doubt we fhould be good friends were we perfonally acquainted. It is very poffible that my obfervation "that a place in Heaven was to be purchafed by erect ing a fuperb church, and founding a chantry in one corner of it," &e. may convey too general a cenfure on the motives which operated in producing

66

many of our abbeys and other churches. Taking it in that point of view, I do not hesitate an infant in retracting my words in every infiance where the Chriftian and moral virtues" prevailed. Far be it from me to depife the offerings of a contrite heart, let it beat in the breaft either of a monarch, a prelate, or a native of the iflands in the South Seas. I view the ftructures of the former with admiration, and praife the piety of the founder. My feelings are in the latter cafe veneration for the impelling motives of the Otaheitan, while my rifible mufcles are agitated at the form which he has given to his deity. The motive is only to be confidered; and a ftrauge variety might be produced for the origin of our facred ftructures. Many were erected doubtlefs from genuine piety; many as offerings, or expiations, for many wicked deeds; fome in the way of barter; thus, Lord, if thou wilt deliver me from this peril or that, I will erect a monaftery, a church, or an hofpital, to thy name, or that of my patron faint;" fonie for pure vanity, and others" for maffes in one corner" to redeem a foul from a few thousand years or days punishment. Nay, how many noble buildings have we whofe walls have arifen through the dignified means of indulgences! "If you will give me fo many pounds, or marks," faith the pious Bishop, "I will releafe thy foul from 40, 60, or 100 days of torment in purgatory." May our land be ever deftitute of churches, rather than that one other fhould thus arife! no, let them in future be built from true " Chriftian and moral virtues," and piety, and gratitude; not for a releafe from fhip wreck, nor for a calculation how many pews may be filled at fo much per annum above, and how many bottles may be flowed below. That your correfpondent J. M. can object to any of my objections as fhewn above, I believe to be impoflible; with my apology, I hope he will receive my belt J. P. MALCOLM.

withes.

Alphabetical Lift of the principal Technical Terms introduced into the Purfuits of Architectural Innovation.

BALCONY. A projecting decoraration in the front of a building; from whence may be viewed all public fettivities.

Batufirade. An open-worked fence,

or parapet, on the tops of buildings, balconies, &c.; a term relating principally to modern erectious.

Banner. A warlike and armorial difiinction, embroidered with the arms and devices of great perfonages, as kings, dukes, earls, knights, xc. and horne before them in battles, tourna ments, &c. In religious folemnities this object was carried in procettions enriched with facred reprefentations. Corporate bodies on their anniversaries exhibited alfo banners illuftrative of their feveral occupations.

Baptistery. A building fet apart for Baptifm; a grand one on the North fide of Canterbury cathedral.

Barn. Many noble antient ones in the kingdom; they are of vati dimensions, built with fione, and enriched with arms and other feulptures; as at Buckland abbey, Devon. Glationbury. One near Tetbury, &c.

Barriers, Particular flations for combatants in warlike exercises.

Barr. An additional fastening to doors of large dimentious, befides locks and bolts. They are contrived to draw in and out of the wails of our antieut buildings.

Barrows. Circular erections of earth, of various dimenfions, raised over the bodies or aflies of thofe flain in battle or otherwife.

Bufe. Thole mouldings which fupport a column, fuch as rounds, hollows, fillets, railed on one or more plinths.

Balon. A veflel to contain the lights ufed at the antient altars in our churches.

Baforelievo. A fculpture of any fubject, religious, hiftorical, or alle gorical; compofed of one or more figures, with buildings and landscape. The work is attached to a ground, or plane which work projects from it more or lefs, as occation may require.

Battle-axe. A weapon of offence borne by noble and royal warriors, worked either of fieel, tilver, or gold. Its make is a handle of two or three feet in length, and at the extremity knobs, fpikes, &c.

Battlements. Notches, or interfli ces, in a breaftwork or parapet. They are worked either plain, or have their component parts enriched with various finall perforations, &c.

Brad. A globular ornament, pequ liar to Saxon architecture, carved in

the