found many of its leaves covered with mildew. But I will allow that the mildew appears as little on this tree as moft others; which is owing, I fhould fuppofe, to the ftrong cuticle of the leaf, and its fimoothnefs, which in fome measure prevents the honey-dews being retained; for the leaft moifture of the atmosphere will wath it off, and thereby prevent its corroding the leaf: on the contrary, when there are honeydews upon thofe leaves and plants whofe furfaces are more rough, and the weather favourable to prevent its diflipation, the leaves hardly ever fail to become mildewed. Another ftrong proof of the honev-dew exuding from the leaves by perfpiration, is its fudden appearance; for you may very often examine the leaves of the oak, &c. in the evening, and find no veftige of honey-dew; whereas, perhaps, next morning the leaves will be covered with this fubftance. Mr. URBAN, T. S. Nov. 20. IN vol. LXX. pp. 931, 1034, you have very properly entered a cancat againft Perkins's Metallic Tractors. Till very lately, Sir, I looked upon them to be one of thofe harmless jokes that might put money in the Inventor's pocket, without injuring the health of thofe who tried them. But the weight of evidence has removed my incredulity, and precludes any farther doubt of their real efficacy. Though not a univerfal Panacea; they have, in the feverest Rheumatifms, rarely failed of effecting a cure; and have been eminently ferviceable in Burns, Scalds, Tooth-ach, Sprains, Contufions, and in different Affections of the Eves. This cannot be wholly the effect of imagination. Let me add, that a public inftitution is forming (under the auspices of Mr. Grimfton) for applying thefe Metallic Tractors to the Diforders of the Poor. Yours, &c. Mr. URBAN, A CONVERT. Nov. 22. HAVING obferved in your Magazine of late much learned and in genious controverfy refpecting the antient buildings, and temples of the Antients, I beg leave, through the fame conveyance of your moft ufeful Repofi tory, to offer an elucidation of an obfcure paffage in Vitrávias, Vitruvius, b. IV. ch. 7, after giVing the temples of Caltor in the Cirdus Flaminius, and of Vejovis between the two groves, as examples of the deviations from the ufual manner of conftructing temples, goes on and fays, "Item argutius nemori Diana, columnis adjectis, dextra ac finiftra, ad humeros pronai. Hoc autem genere primo, facta ædes, ubi eft Caftoris in Circo, Athenis in arce Minervæ, et in Attica Sunio, Palladis." From which it is evident, that he gives the Diana as a different kind of difpofition from that of Caftor, and the Minerva as an example of the latter; but the difpofition of the Pallas is of a kind very different from that of the Minerva, as will ap pear from the following expofition of their conftruction. In the Minerva, two additional columns occupy the ufual fite of the antæ in front of the pronaos, and each column having an open space between the back of it, and the anta gives an entrance into the pronaos on each fide, whofe columns, with their entablatures, being of a different proportion, both in diameter and height from thofe of the peripteros, have no connection with them +; whereas in the temple of Pallas, the front of the pronaos, with its antæ (like that of the temple of Thefeus at Athens), ranges in a line with the columns in the flanks of the peripteros, and the entablature in front of the pronaos is extended on the right and left beyond the ante to thofe columns; by which means, being connected with the ante, they may be faid with pro priety to be added on the right and left to the fhoulders of the pronaos, forming the difpofition of the portico more re gularly (argutius) than that of the Minerva. Having fhewn the different difpofition of the pronaos in these two temples, it is manifeft that the Pallas cannot be united with the Minerva as an example of the Caftor: but, on the contrary, it feems to coincide perfectly with the difpofition of the Diana, which being granted, the obfcurity of the paf fage in quellion may be elucidated, and the fenfe of it reftored as follows: "Item argutius nemori Dianæ columnis ad jectis, dextra ac finiftra, ad humeros pronai. Hoc autem genere primo, * From an edition printed at Florence In by the heirs of Philip Junta, 1922. in Attica, is omitted, that of De Laet the conjunction et, before + See Antiquities of Athens, vol. II. ch I. pl. 2, 4, 5. ‡ See Ionian Antiquities, Part II. pl. facta 10, 12 2. facta ædes, ubi eft Caftoris in Circo, Athenis in arce Minerva. Hoc autem genere ultimo, facta ædes, ubi eft Nemoris Diana, in Attica Sunio, Palladis." If to the paffage, after in Circo, be added, Flaminio, et inter duos lucos Vejovis, Athenis, it may perhaps make the amendment more complete. The commentators on Vitruvius not having been acquainted with the different conftruction of thefe two temples, (it is believed) none of them have obferved this paflage in the fame point of view. And Mr. Stuart, in his explanation of it in the Antiquities of Athens, has failed, feemingly, by adhering to, Hoc autem genere, prima facta eft ædes, as quoted in his notes, in place of, Hoc autem genere primo, facta ædes, as in the editions cited above in the preceding page in note, having mil taken by this means the temples of Minerva and of Pallas for examples of the Diana, instead of the former being that of Caftor, and the latter of the Diana. INVESTIGATOR. Mr. URBAN, 0&. 7. A Whiskers Courte of HanniTp. 247 of the first volume of bal over the Alps," I find a long note refpecting the potatoe; wherein he has endeavoured to prove that this valuable root was not introduced to us from America, and that it was known among us long before the time of our first intercourfe with America. Mr. Whitaker appears to have fallen into this error from a want of accurate botanical knowledge. His quotations from Harriton, in Holinfhed's Chronicle, and from Gerarde's Herbal, refpect the Convolvubus Batatas Lin. or Spanith potatoes, which came into Spain from the Weft Indies, or Spanish Main, and were the common potatoes of all our old English writers, and not the potatoe which is now in fuch general cultiva tion with us, and was but very little known at that time. Although we have not hiftorical evidence to fix the precife date of their introduction, there is every probable reafon for fuppofing that they were tranfmitted to Ireland from Virginia about the year 1585, and moft probably by fome of Sir Walter Raleigh's adventurers. to confult Gerarde's Herbal himself, he would have found, at p. 781, ed. 1597, of that work, that he fpeaks of the potatoes of Virginia: he lays, It grow eth naturally in America, where it was firft difcovered, as reporteth C. Clufius; fince which time I have received rootes hereof from Virginia, otherwise called Norembega, which growe and profper as in their owne native countrie." Cafpar Bauhin, in his Prod. Theat. Botan, 4to, 1671, p. 90, fpeaking of the folanum tuberosum efculentum, or potatoe, fays, "Hæc ex infula Vergineâ primum in Augliam, inde in Galliam, aliafque regiones delata eft. Hur jus radices in Virgineâ Openanck dici, ejus hiftoriæ autor monet."- "" Planta hujus cum anno 1590, iconem fuis coloribus delineatam, D. Schottzio, pappas Hifpanorum nomine accepiffem, et à nemine defcriptam invenirem, in Phytopiuace fub Solano tuberofo esculento, figura addita defcripfimus, ejufque iconem D. Clufio tranfmiffimus," &c. M. H. Mr. URBAN, Nov. 6. IN Dr. Warton's edition o: Pope's Works is the following note, which ought not to remain uncontradicted: Bifhop [Atterbury] to Prior, in Nichols's Collection, full of affection and regard. fing compliment on his Solomon and Alma. One, in a vein of irony, containing a pleaAnother (vol II. p. 58) abounding in hackneyed quotations from Virgil: which I mention on account of a wonderful unfcholar-like comparison of a line of Virgil and Homer; the former of which he prefers, dum fpiritns bos regit artus, to the pika youvala of Homer, friendly knees, he fays, whereas fignifies no more than fua genua, or than bos joined to artus." "There are four or five letters of the It unfortunately happens for Dr. Warton (who, by-the-bye, never lofes an opportunity of fhewing his ill-will to Bishop Atterbury), that the Bishop did not jay "friendly knees ;" but the Editor of his letter for him. Mr. URBAN, A. B. Nov. 8. ADLEY is fituated in the county of Middlefex, about twelve miles HA from London, and one from Chipping Barnet, in the county of Hertford. Had Mr. Whitaker taken the trouble, Its name appears to have been Monkton * See Antiquities of Athens, vol. II. Hadley, frony a hermitage which was ch. I. p. 6, 9, 10. formerly there. On the adjoining common common of Barnet was fought, in the year 1471, the famous battle between Edward IV. and the Earl of Warwick, in which the Earl was killed, and the Lancaftrians under his command totally defeated to perpetuate the memory of this great event, an obelisk of ftone was erected in the year 1740, at the spot where the St. Alban's and Hatfield roads meet; which yet remains. Hadley church is an antient and venerable ftructure of flint, confifling of a nave, chancel, North and South ailes, and two tranfepts. On the South fide is an antient wooden porch; and at the Weft end of the nave is a fquare tower, embattled, in which are five bells and a clock, and at one corner of which is a circular turret, raifed feveral feet above the battlements of the tower, containing a winding ftone ftair-cafe; and having at the top an iron pitch pot, in which, in times of danger, pitch, or fome other combuftible matter, was placed, and, being fet fire to, ferved as a beacon; for which the elevated fituation of this Church is admirably calculated. The nave contains an antient octagonal fione fout, and on the capital of one of the pillars is the buft of an angel fupporting a book, of admirable workmanship. The chancel is fmall, and is lighted by three windows, the tops of which are pointed; it contains a brass, having the effigies of a man and woman, with an infeription to the memory of W. Gale, who died in 1014; another which is pártly concealed by a pew; and a mural monument to the memory of Dame Alice Stamford. Thefe appeared to me the moit remarkable memorials; and, although many other monumental ftones are feattered in and about the Church, I hali not trouble you with an account of them, mentioning only two flat fiones adjoining each other in the church-yard; one to the memory of Mary Horton, who died Nov. 28, 1795, aged 90; and the other records the death of Jane Mulgrave, who died Sept. 11, 1793, aged 100 years. Over the Western door is a white ftone, on which is carved a rofe and wing, with Anno D'ni 1494 between them, the date of the year (I fuppofe) in which the church was erected. In the " Ambulator" this date is faid to be 1498, although it certainly appears to be as I have written it, as the fecond and fourth figures are extremely fimilar at prefent; but, as the flone is of a foft and crumbling nature, it is by no means impoffible that the lower part of the laft figure may have been erafed. In a late repair at Hornfey church, all the hatchments (which were there in great numbers) were removed, and have not been replaced: this circumftance appears to me rather extraordinary, for I believe it is cuftomary to pay a fee for the liberty of hanging a hatchment in a church; if this be the cafe, on what authority are they removed? Surely fuch a mode of procedure is neither confiftent with law nor equity. But this abufe is by no means uncommon; for, in the neighbouring church of Tottenham, all the hatchments have been taken away likewife *; in that church too another very fingular alteration has taken place, which is, the removal of a very antient but very perfect brafs (which had for many generations occupied a place in the pavement of the North aile), to a dark and neglected corner of that aile, for the purpofe of making room for a modern fepulchral flab. Surely thefe things ought not to be, as it is the height of difrefpect to the memory of our deceafed ancestors, to remove those memorials which the piety of relatives has erected to perpetuate their remembrance. However, I hope that fome perfon who has the power of redreffing the evil I am writing of, will cause this venerable relique of antiquity to be placed in fome more confpicuous fituation than it at present occupies; as, if that thould not be the cafe, I think it highly probable that the Antiquary will foon have to regret its total difapH.S. pearance. Alphabetical Lift of the principal Technical Terms introduced into the Purfuits of Architectural Innovation. ABACUS. The uppermost members of the capital of a column. Abbey. An aflemblage of buildings conftituting a religious feclufion; as, the Gate of entrance, Hall, Abbot's lodgings, Refectory, Dormitory, Infirmary, Cloifters, Chapter-house, the Abbey-church, &c. &c. Abutment. Ufually confidered as a mafs of masonry of no direct form, but ufed merely as a force to refift that part of an edifice which has inclined from its perpendicular upright, &c. *The fame was done at Enfield when its church was repaired. Enit. Aile. The fide and centre divifions of a church in that part termed the nave, applying to the choir alfo. Alabafler. A white marble ufed by our antient Sculptors for statues on monuments, &c. Altar. A ftone flab, laid on a frame of ftone or wood, placed at the Eaftern end of a choir; likewise placed in the fmall chapels in the various parts of a cathedral; and in antient parochial churches, &c. &c. At thele altars Mafs ufed to be celebrated. In our religious edifices at this day the altar confifts of a table of wood only. Alteration. In this Lift, to be underflood as relating to the change, or innovations, inade in our antient churches, &c. fuch as removing the tombs and monuments of Founders and Patrons from their original and appropriate fituations at the Eaft ends to the Weft ends of fuch holy fabricks; driving out the choirs (first taking down the altar-fcreens) into the Ladychapel; obliterating the feveral finall chapels dedicated to faints and other hiftorical characters; taking the antient painted glafs and mullions from windows, and fubftituting modern paintings and mafonry in their ftead; reworking and making additions in the Roman and Grecian ftyles to fome of the most beautiful parts of thefe ftructures; and, finally, to pull down and deftroy their feveral appendages, fuch as chapter-houfes, altar-fcreens, monuments, &c. Ambulatory. A place to walk in, fuch as avenues, cloifters, &c. Ambre. A niche or cupboard at the fide of an altar, to contain the utensils belonging thereunto. Angle. The corner, or the place where two fides of a room or building meet or touch. Anti-chapel. The fmall or introductory room or place entering to a chapel, &c.; fo of a hall, great chamber, &c. Antient. That which relates to old times. In this Lift, it is to be confidered as comprehending that lapfe of time from the firft knowledge of the Antient Britons to the conclufion of the reign of Henry VIII. Antiquary. One who, independent of being a member of the Society of Antiquaries, devotes his ftudies to the illuftration of antient fubjects; a fervent admirer of the fcience of our ancestors; who elucidates their works ei ther by writing, drawing, or proving their fuperior excellence over the arts of other countries; one who on all occafions is ready, maugre the great man's frown, or the profpect of place or penfion, to defend and protect the caule and remains of Antiquity among us. Antique. Appertaining to Antiquity. In this lift, the hiftory, cuftoms, manners, and arts, of the Antient Britons, Romans, Saxons, Normans, and Lancaftrians, Arch. A part of a circle; as a femi, a fegment, an interfection of two femis into a pointed arch, giving those forms conftituting the principal characters in the antient Architecture of this country. Architect. A person skilled in the art of erecting buildings. In this Lift, it applies to thofe men who have raifed up our antient caftles, manfions, churches, cathedrals, &c.; thofe who now afpire to imitate them, and unequivocally and forth as their defenders; and thofe who, by a pretended reference to fuch models, fet up a fantaftic creation of their own, at once difgracing the tafte of the age they live in, and the genius of their ancestors. Architecture. The art and fcience of conftructing edifices of every denomination, from the artizan's dwelling to the princely caftle, from the fimple parith-church to the gorgeous Cathedral. Confining this "excellence of all human labours" to our own countrv, how is the circuit of the land adorned with ftructures which bid the blaft of Time go by! Centuries have told their names; and now, even now, they have admirers and protec tors. They emit a blaze of veneration, which can never fade! They ftill fhew out new beauties and new charms; they ftill exift, and we ftill adore! Architrave. Thofe mouldings which make the lower divifion of an entabla. ture. They likewife bound the line of a door of entrance, an arch, &c. Aren. The open space within a building; as the centre of a court, cloitter, &c. Arrangement. The difpofing, or patceling out in proper order, according to cuftom or ufe, the different component parts of a ftructure; as, in a Caftle, the Gateway. First and Second Courts, Offices, Great Hall, Buttery, Kitchen, Bowers. Chambers, &c.-In a Church (a Cathedral), the Nave, Side Ailes, Tranfepts, Choir, Our Lady's Lady's Chapel, Tombs, Shrines, Al'tars, &c. &c. Artificer. One whofe degree in the Arts does not raife him higher than thofe whofe fkill is more confined to the dexterity of their hands, than their understandings or genius; fuch as Working-Mafons, Carpenters, Smiths, Glaziers, &c. &c. Artif. A man eminent in the Arts; a name particularly applicable at this day to fuch as profefs themselves Painters, Sculptors, Draughtsmen, and Engravers. Aftragal. The moulding which terminates the upper part of a column. Avenue. A long narrow paffage from one part of a building to another, arched overhead or otherwise. MY THE PURSUITS OF ARCHITECTURAL INNOVATION. No. LIV. Y architectural pilgrimage fill knows no reft. In vain I look on either hand to find that peaceful afylum which enfures repofe for weary travellers. The embattled walls, which erft invited the firanger to the hofpitable board, are now difmantled, changed, and friendlefs. "The cloudcapp'd towers," the long-drawn ailes infpiring facred joys, receive me in their fanctuaries with chilling approbation. The thorny paths, the forefts drear, betray my hefitating fieps; when, as I gaze above, around, to hail the portals leading to that blifsful place where lies enshrined the meed of all my labours, treafured in an orient casket, the mystic roll illumined thus, "ANTIQUITY'S HONOURS ARE RESTORED!" I hear the monsters of the defarts roar, I fee from out their caves and dens flue Funtasticafa's fous, wild in their array, and deftructive in their courfe. Pell-mell, she cries, my ftate is threatened, my "ORDER" is queftioned, and my delufions are expofed. Charge on yon mortal, fraught with "flights" and "jeers," the caufe of all my difappointments, the babbler of all my fecret cabals. Crush him to atoms, and then I am fafe. My hated rival, the who bides niidft fpires, midft tombs and altars, where pointed forms furround her ftoried feat, fhe then fhall fall! Ha! does this her votary, the "enthufiaftic" creature, dare your force? attack in his turn? Rage, Torture! my recreant brood are difcom-, fited? See, fee how they fly with darknels in their rear! Left to defpair, I may do fomething fill. Antiquity's odious light fhall yet be blafted. Hide, hide me, Night.-How fearful is the view! The threatening evil finks; the feene is clofed; and I once more purfue my purpofed way. Refolution around my ftaff, and Information in my fcrip; my fandals well fhod with perfeverance; my veft and girdle, like the Patrons of this Mifcellany, fhall protect and ftrengthen my juft endeavours; and the marine emblem in my beaver fhall tell my adverfe friends that, following the example of St. James of Compoftella, I will never difown my profession, or defert the caufe in which I am embarked. BASINGSTOKE. Holy-Ghoft chapel. It is fituated on an eminence at the extremity of the town, overlooking the road leading to Newbury. The flyle of the architecture appears of the day of Edward IV. The defign, though finall, is much enriched; and among the ornaments are many of the Roman and Grecian turn; which fhews that examples of this fort had been earlier introduced among us than is generally understood. However, it is not impoffible but that many of the carvings, with fome fields of arms, were added in the reign of Henry VIII. in confequence of repairs or alterations then taking place. Another feature, new at this time in the method of conftruction, is alfo to be met with; that is, the walls are of brick-work, and faced with stone. The dimenfions of the brick part one foot nine inches, or two bricks and a half; the flone itself meafuring fix inches. As it is the received opinion of Antiquaries that the ufe of brick-work was introduced, or revived in the above king's reign, we may fairly date this building one of the first trials of the kind which, though here used as a fubfervient material to the ftone-work, yet it was very foon afterwards thought of fufficient importance to compofe the major part of many large and magnificent edifices; and to this day, under various textures and colours, remains the principal article in the building brauch in moft parts of the kingdom. Holy-Ghoft chapel, in its plan, gives one aile, with three windows at the Eaftern end, and four windows on the South fide. The North fide is wholly destroyed. At the Weft end of the South wall is an hexangular tower. The elevation of the exterior of the South |