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364

His confidence is firmer

small pox, but none mortal. than ever.

health.

Chester County, May 1828.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE REGISTER OF PENNSYLVANIA. SIR: The season has arrived when the inhabitants of Dr. Thomas Shivers. No genuine variola subsequent to vaccination, but has had three cases in persons pre- your crowded city are beginning to think of excursions viously inoculated, one of whom died. Regards vac-into the country, for change of scene, air, exercise and The rage for steam boats has subsided and cacination as the only secure prophylactic. As instances of the malignant nature of the prevailing small pox, nal packets have lost their novelty. Many people are we will cite from Dr. S's letter to the committee, the beginning to query whether it is really so delightful to following: "Of seven cases that I have had this season scramble on board a boat, listen to the whizzing of the of natural small pox in subjects who had never been steam-flue, inhale the odours of the engine, endure a either vaccinated or inoculated, all have died," while of continual jarring for hours, then be hurried into one of about forty cases in persons vaccinated, not one has per- a caravan of stages and whirled along at the rate of ten miles an hour through sun a run-off, break-down, or 337 or rain and mud. ished.

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Dr. W. Shaw informs the committee that he has seen with the occasional epised on board a second floating

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no genuine small pox after successful vaccination.
vaccinated several thousands since the year 1802, and
has heard of no instance of small pox occurring in one
of these subjects. No death from modified variola. Of
two instances of small pox occurring after inoculated a
variola neither proved fatal. His early experiments with
genuine variolous matter, as a test for vaccination, estab-
lished his conviction of its efficacy, and he still has the

fullest faith in it.

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machine baggage and passengers in grand chaos, and
jar, jar, jar-it away another crowded city, where if,
you have been so founate as to escape a boiler-burst or
running-foul, andave not been absolutely suffocated
with dust nor leftehind to have a broken arm mened
or a collar-boneet, and the pick-pockets have left
you small chan enough to pay your fare, you may
perchance by taid of a hack, after being turned off
from four ovewing hotels, contrive to get stowed
Delightful! Why
of the ten thousand mistakes which
away in an atstory of the fifth.
this is only

Dr. Samuel Tucker. No case of genuine small pox subsequent to vaccination, nor death from modified small pox, or case of secondary small pox has fallen under the notice of this gentleman, who informs us that nothing has occurred in his experience to weaken his a confidence in the vaccine protection. Out of twenty cases of varioloid

Dr. G. B. Wood.

after vaccination, one presented all the symptoms of

people makerunning after what is fashionable. Now little expece of all this induces me to think that your citizenast begin to look around them for other sources of eation, health, comfort, and instructive Allow me to suggest that all these may amusemen

n of

genuine variola, with the exception that none of the be found ich greater perfection, by a little jaunt to peculiar odour was discernible. This patient had the Chester Yes, to Chester county-I know that your Philadelphians, only associate with thison some vague ideas of a rough turnpike, hilly roalg stone barns, fat cattle, market carts, and But stop a little and let us enquire a hardy anry.

scar, and said she was vaccinated when a child-recov-nine out
Of three
ered. No death from modified small pox.
persons precedently inoculated, two had varioloid, and
one genuine variola: the man, æt. thirty-five, and in-

temperate, died. Has seen in his own practice nothing into the rail-road will soon bring us nearer to you,

that could justify an opinion that vaccination is not an effectual preservative against the fatal effects of small

pox.

sophy

Iy-The depositary of many Indian relics point the habitation and peculiarities of a race One of the oldest counties in the state; whice.

when associations will be much more intimate and outive situation more important. It willate found here are matters of interest and importance Dr. John Wiltbank. J. P. a coloured man, at. twen-here have not been "dream't of in your philo ty-five, had pain in the head, breast and side, dyspnea, high vascular excitement, and all the symptoms of pleurisy. On his arm was a fine vaccine vesicle nine days old. This man was vaccinated on the Monday, blistered and used diaphoretics. On that day a copious nallacing in its limits the present county of Deseen on the Tuesday week following, when he was bled, settl the friends and companions of Penn, origi eruption of variola presented itself, which proved con- law; therefore having in our public offices, refluent, and he died on the fifth day. Dr. W. adds that core first judicial proceedings in the state the the above case is the only one that he has seen, to di- theme of the most interesting and important evthe Revolution, the battle of Brandywine, the minish confidence in the protective efficacy of the vact Paoli, and the encampment at the Valley cine disease.

Dr. Thomas H. Yardly, answering negatively to our queries, concludes with assurance of his reliance on yaccination as a protection against small pox."

LETTER FROM CHESTER COUNTY.

ma

Faving within its boundaries Kennett-Square

private of Capt. Pleasant's company shington Guards, smile at this) where your teers first pitched their tents in the Campaign almost within hearing of the Battle of Baltion the same ground occupied by Knyphausen Hessians, the night previous to his attacking Chad's-ford. You may stand on the top of hill or the place occupied by Lord Howe, he fight at Birmingham meeting-house, and

A friend in Chester county, has written to us a lettering the eye around upon a highly cultivated rein which he pleasantly indicates, an agreeable excursion, feral miles in extent, embracing many handsome into a part of our own state, which has been too muches and thickly studded with neat substantial

ses; hear from some ancient Friend in the neglected by those of our citizens, who usually reurhood a tradition of the country; that it was It is certainly ng this hill where Percy, a younger branch of treat from the city during the summer. desirable that we should become as well acquaintese of Northumberland who was but an amateur with our own neighbourhood, as with places in otheght, told his servant that he had seen this land. a dream and had a presentiment that he should states more remote. Whether health, pleasure or cur ive the day, at the same time taking out his osity be the objects of pursuit: they can, we presumed gold watch and committing them to the serbe as well attained in this as in any other state-we haare. Such an officer, it is said, was slain at the canals, springs, mines-scenery, battle grounds suard. Or you may ramble down to the ford, a few

cient to attract attention and gratify every taste.

stant, and in front of the little redoubt, still per

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ceptible, pick up an occasional bullet or grape-shot, and see the passage-way which two cannon balls made for themselves through the gable-end of an ancient mansion on the hill, supposed to have been aimed at an immense crowd of harmless spectators assembled in an adjoining field. You may be shown a gold coin of the olden-time, which some Hessian private had concealed with several of its fellows in the cue of his hair and which may have recently been disinterred with his mouldering remains. Or you may visit the Birmingham grave-yard, and as you see the sexton turning up, some two feet below the surface, the bones of a British soldier, with fragments of his red coat still retaining its colour, his stock-buckle, pocket-glass, flints, and buttons stamped with the No. of his regiment, contrast the peaceful scenes which now surround you and the peaceful tenets of the religious society worshipping in the humble tabernacle near, with that terrible day when mighty armies here met in conflict, this spot echoed back the trumpet of war, shook with the thunder of artillery, and was literally drenched with the blood of the slain.

Would you know about the Population? It is upupwards of 50,000; composed, originally, of English, German, Welsh, and Irish Presbyterians-the Germans settled in the North, (where their descendants still predominate and their language is still spoken in several townships)-the Welsh along the Great Valley; the Irish in the South-west; and the English indiscriminately through the county. Nearly one-third are of the society of Friends, or have been brought up in their faith, and these occupy generally the South-eastern and middle townships. The names of many townships are of Welsh origin-Tredyffin, Uwchlan, the Calns, Nantmels, and a translation of the last Honeybrook. Other names indicate lands formerly belonging to the London Company, such as London Grove, New London, London Britain, and Londonderry. Birmingham tells us of the English nativity of its settlers, and the Goshens were first occupied by a religious sect fleeing from persecution and seeking a "land of promise." Of the distinguished men whom the county has produced, may be mentioned: Dr. Allison, Hugh Williamson, M'Kean, and Wayne. There have been many others, of great usefulness in their day and generation, materials for a brief sketch of whose biography have been collected and may perhaps some day be given to the public.

The County Town.-West Chester is situated about ten miles east of the Brandywine, on the height of ground between the waters of this stream and those of Chester creek, five miles south of the great Philadelphia and Lancaster turnpike, sixteen miles north of Wilmington and twenty-two miles west of Philadelphia. The Strasburg road passes through it east and west, and is here intersected at right angles by a road leading from the Great Valley to Wilmington. In former times it was called the Turk's head, from the sign of the only tavern on the spot, and owes its existence as a borough to a removal of the seat of justice from Old Chester, prior to a division of the county. Its location was principally determined by the influence of Col. Hannum, who lived on the spot, and was an active member of assembly in that day. At present it is a flourishing little place, containing upwards of an hundred houses, and probably something more than one thousand inhabitants. It has a Friend's meeting house, a Methodist meeting house, and a Catholic Chapel-a Bank, a handsome Academy, Court House, (lately embellished with a new cupola and coat of pebble-dash,) Gaol, two Fire Engines with Hose, Market House, an Athenæum and Cabinet of Natural Sciences, two Printing Offices, eight or ten stores, and eight houses of public entertainment. It is the residence of a large number of enterprising, industrious and highly respectable mechanics, five physicians, some twenty practising attorneys, and there are several distinguished public men there, whom it would be invidious to mention. The Athenæum and Cabinet of Natural Sciences have already been sufficiently emblazon

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365

ed in former numbers of your miscellany. The Bank is acknowledged to be one of the most useful and best conducted monied institutions in the state; some idea of the wealth of the county may be formed from the annual return of its deposits, to the legislature. The attempt to procure water in this place by boring, which made some noise in the papers a few years ago, is said to have resulted, as in most other places where similar experiments were made, only in a great bore. It showed, however, none the less, a public spirit which is believed to characterise the inhabitants.

The Natural History of the county has been well developed by Dr. Darlington's Florida Cestrica, of which honourable mention is made in Silliman's Journal, and by two recent articles upon its mineralogy and geology published in the same journal, one by Mr. Carpenter of your city, and the other by Mr. Finch. The extracts published by you from a late report, render it unnecessary to add any thing further on this subject. By reference to these works, it will be discovered that to the votaries of natural science, this is particularly interesting ground. A taste for the study of geology was greatly promoted in the county by a course of lectures delivered at West Chester the last season, by Mr. John Finch, to a class of some forty or fifty, and which it is hoped will be repeated the present season to a more numerous audience.

Sources of wealth. Next to a fertile soil, industrious population and contiguity to market, should be mentioned the inexhaustible beds of lime-stone and marble, and the numerous water powers. By means of the former, this whole county will, at some day, be converted into a garden. Already the indications of wealth are numerous; high cultivation abounds every where in the vicinity of lime, and is daily extending; you may frequently see at the distance of several miles from a lime-stone valley, and especially on the Brandywine hills, luxuriant fields enclosed with beautiful living hedge in place of the old fashioned scrawling worm-fence. It is anticipated that the rail-road and the introduction of anthracite coal will soon bury under the plough many thousand acres of our best land, hitherto reserved for fire-wood and timber.-When the great rail-road is completed, and spurs are made from it wherein required, particularly one to intersect it at the steam boat tavern leading from French creek to West Chester, and on towards Wilmington, timber and fuel will be brought to the doors of our inhabitants of a better quality and at a cheaper rate than are now supplied by reserving large tracts of land for the production. By means of the same improvements our resources of marble will also be developed: quarries which have hitherto remained comparatively idle, and done little or nothing, will be brought into active operation, whilst many others will be opened. The writer is not sufficiently conversant with statistics to give a detailed account of the mill-scats, or of the cotton and woollen factories, paper mills, forges, furnaces, rolling and slitting mills, now in operation in the county, of which there are, however, a large number. There are extensive beds of iron ore of an excellent quality, now but little worked, which the new facilities of communication and transportation must soon render of great importance. The water power is known to be abundant, and it is a curious fact that all the streams in the county have their rise within its boundaries. A new and most important power is now about being created by the canal on this side of the Schuylkill at French creek, for which the public are mainly indebted to the assiduous and persevering enterprise of Mr. George Thompson. It is supposed that a second Manayunk will soon spring up at that place.

Something should have been added respecting our Great Valley, Warwick, Downingtown, the West-town school, Kimberton, and the Yellow Springs. But time only remains to say of the latter, that it is now, one of the most delightful watering places in the union; and has special claims upon the patronage of the Philadel

personal bravery given by you, and the officers and sol-
diers under your command, in demolishing of that place.
I am therefore ordered to return you and them the
thanks of the board for the eminent service you have
thereby done your country. I am also ordered by the
Corporation to present you, out of their small public
stock, with a piece of plate and a silver medal, and each
of your officers with a medal and a small sum of money
to be disposed of in the manner most agreeable to
them; which the board desire you will accept as a tes-
timony of the regard they have for your merit.
Signed by order,

Jan'y. 5, 1757.

ATTWOOD SHUTE, Mayor,

phians. The romantic scenery of the neighbourhood forms a striking contrast to the uninteresting sands of Saratoga, and you are in no danger of being annoyed by the moschetoes of Cape May. The accommodations are good, the terms reasonable, and both houses are well furnished, and well provided. Mrs. Halman's establishnent is truly a noble one. Besides the falls of French creek, a great natural curiosity, the improvements at its junction with the Schuylkill, constitute a new object of attraction to the neighbourhood. It is thought that a drive to West Chester, and peep into the Cabinet and Athenæum, will be among the fashionable sorties of the season from the garrisons at Castle Halman and Fort Bones. Some of your old Dupont campaigners may, perhaps, be disposed to extend their excursion, taking Osborn's hill, Birmingham mecting-house and Chad's To the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Common Council ford in their way to Kennett square, and the other of the Corporation of the City of Philadelphia. scenes of drill, parade and grand duty in the late war, GENTLEMEN-Your favour of the 5th instant, together in which case they will find a comfortable resting place with the medals and other genteel presents made to the at the Brandywine chalybeate spring. Many other in-officers of my batallion by the Corporation of the City teresting excursions might be painted and described, of Philadelphia, I had the pleasure to receive by Capt. particularly one by the way of Downingtown to West George Armstrong. Chester along the Brandywine, which is in many places highly picturesque and romantic; and then again from West Chester by Sterde's, crossing the Brandywine at Wistar's ford and the Pocopsan at Darlington's Mill, to Pearce's place where there is an extensive collection of ever-greens, &c., but come and see for yourselves.

The officers employed in the Kittanning expedition, have been made acquainted with the distinguishing ho nor you have done them, and desire to join with me in acknowledging it in the most public manner. The kind acceptance of our past services by the Corporation, gives us the highest pleasure, and furnishes a fresh motive to exerting ourselves on every future occasion for

COL. ARMSTRONG'S DEFEAT OF THE INDIANS, the benefit of his majesty's service in general and in AT KITANNING.

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In the last number of the Register, p 347, was recorded, the resolution of the City Council to "lay out one hundred and fifty pounds in pieces of plate, swords, or other things suitable for presents to the officers, and towards the relief of their widows and children." Besides these, a silver medal was struck on the occasion by order of the Council, and presented to Col. Armstrong, and all the commissioned officers of his troops, The following description of it is taken from the 3d vol. of Collections by the Historical Society of New York p 387.

From a paper, by Dr. Mease, entitled "A description of some of the medals, struck in relation to important events in North America, before and since the Declaration of Independence, by the United States."

"OCCASION. In honor of the late General John Armstrong of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, for destroying the Kittanning Indian Towns

Device. An officer followed by two soldiers: the officer pointing to a soldier shooting from behind a tree and an Indian prostrate before him. In the back ground Indian houses are seen in flames

Legend. Kittanning destroyed by Col. Armstrong, September, 1756—

Reverse. Device-The arms of the Corporation of Philadelphia. These consisted of four devices: on the right hand a ship under full sail: on the left, a pair of scales equally balanced in the right, above the ship, a wheat sheaf: in the left two hands locked.

defence of this province in particular. In behalf of the officers of my batallion, I have the honor to be

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Carlisle, Jan'y. 24, 1757.
The following note on this subject is given by Dr.
Mease.

"The district including the site of the battle fought and the Indians, is now called "Armstrong County," and between General (then Colonel) Armstrong's troops contained in 1810, according to the official census by the Marshal of Pennsylvania, 6143 inhabitants.*

I read the copy of Col. Armstrong's letter to the books of public documents in the office of the Secretary Governor of Pennsylvania, (Mr. Denny) in one of the of the Commonwealth, and can assure the society, that the following account contains all the essential particulars of the action. The letter is very long and minutely details the progress of this march and the occurrences that took place during the expedition. The account is taken from "Franklin and Hall's Pennsylvania Gazette of September 23, 1756.

strong, of Cumberland county, with advice that he "Saturday last, arrived an express from Col. Armmarched from Fort Shirley, on the 30th past with about 300 of our provincial forces, on an expedition against Kittanning, a town of our Indian enemies on the Ohio, about 25 miles above Fort Duquesne (Pittsburg) on the 3d instant, he joined the advanced party at the Beaver dams, near Frankstown: and on the 7th, in the evening, being within six miles of Kittanning, the scouts discoFered a fire in the road, and reported that there were but three or at most four Indians at it. It was not thought proper to attempt surprising those Indians at that time, lest if one should escape, the town might be alarmed; so Lieut. Hogg with 12 men was left to watch them, with orders not to fall upon them till day break, and our forces turned out of the path, to pass by their fire withGa-out disturbing them. About three in the morning, having been guided by the whooping of the Indian warriors at a dance in the town, they reached the river, 100 perches below the body of the town, near a corn field, in which a number of the enemy lodged out of their

Legend. The gift of the Corporation of the city of Philadelphia.

A representation of this medal may be seen in the 2d volume (part 1st.) of the memoirs of the Pennsylvania Historical Society-page 59.

The following correspondence passed between the Corporation and Col. Armstrong-see Pennsylvania zette, February 17, 1757.

To Colonel John Armstrong. SIR-The Corporation of the city of Philadelphia greatly approve of your conduct and public spirit in the late expedition against the town of Kitanning, and are highly pleased with the signal proofs of courage and

In 1820, 10324.

1828.]

INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB.

cabins, as it was a warm night. As soon as day appeared and the town could be seen, the attack began in the corn field, through which our people charged, killing several of the enemy and entered the town. Captain Jacobs, the chief of the Indians, gave the warwhoop, and defended his house bravely through loop holes in the logs, and the Indians generally refusing quarters which were offered them, declaring they were men and would not be prisoners. Col. Armstrong (who had received a wound in his shoulder by a musket ball) ordered their houses to be set on fire over their heads, which was immediately done: when the Indians were told, that they would be burned to death, if they did not surrender, one of them replied, "he did not care, as he could kill four or five before he died," and as the heat approached, some began to sing. Some, however, burst out of their houses, and attempted to reach the river, but were instantly shot down. Captain Jacobs, in get. ting out of a window, was shot, as also his squaw, and a lad called the king's son. The Indians had a number of spare arms in their houses, loaded, which went off in quick succession as the fire came to them; and quantities of gunpowder, which had been stored in every house, blew up from time to time, throwing some of their bodies a great height in the air-a body of the enemy on the opposite side of the river fired on our people, and were seen to cross the river at a distance, as if to surround our men; they collected some Indian horses that were near the town to carry off the wounded: and then retreated, without going back to the corn field to pick up those killed there at the beginning of the action.

Several of the enemy were killed in the river as they attempted to escape by fording it; and it was computed that in all between 30 and 40 were destroyedeleven English prisoners were released and brought away, who informed the Colonel, that besides the powder, (of which the Indians boasted they had enough for ten years war with the English) there was a great quantity of goods burnt, which the French had made them a present of but ten days before. The prisoners also informed, that that very day, two batteaux of French Indians were to join Captain Jacobs, to march and take Fort Shirley, and that 24 warriors had set out before them, the preceding evening, which proved to be the party that kindled the fire the night before: for our people returning, found Lieutenant Hogg wounded in three places; and learned that he had in the morning attacked the supposed party of three or four, at the fire place according to order, but found them too numerous for him. He killed three of them however at the first fire and fought them an hour, when having lost three of his best men the rest as he lay wounded, abandoned him and fled, the enemy pursuing. Captain Mercer being wounded in the action, was carried off by his ensign and eleven men, who left the main body, in their return, to take another road. On the whole it is allowed to be the greatest blow the Indians have received since the war began. The conduct of Col. Armstrong in marching so large a body through the enemy's country and coming so close to the town without being discovered is deservedly admired and applauded-as well as the bravery of both officers and men in the action."

Return of killed, wounded and missing at Fort Littleton, September 14, 1756:

Lieut. Col. Armstrong, wounded. In his company private men killed and 3 wounded.

2

Captain Hamilton's company. 1 killed. Captain Mercer's company. Himself and one man wounded, 7 killed; himself his ensign and 7 missing. Captain Armstrong's company, Lieut. James Hogg and 5 men killed; 5 wounded and 6 missing.

Believed to be General Mercer of the United States Army, who died near Princeton, of the effects of the wounds received in the battle at that town in 1777, January 12.

Captain Wards Company. 3 missing.

Captain Potter's company. 1 man wounded.

367

1 killed, 1 wounded and

Ensign James Potter and

Captain Steele's company. 1 missing. Captain Mercer and Ensign Scott, with one woman, a hoy and two girls, separated from the main body as they began their march from Kittanning, but afterwards returned safe.

FROM THE NATIONAL GAZETTE.

Annual Report of the Pennsylvania Institution for the
Deaf and Dumb, made to the members at the Annual
Meeting, May 7, 1828.

The Directors of the Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, in obedience to the act of incorporation and by-laws, respectfully submit the following report

seventy-six, viz. forty-seven males, twenty-nine females. The present number of pupils in the institution is Of this number forty-nine from Pennsylvania are supported by the bounty of the commonwealth; one from New Jersey is supported by that state; one is retained as a monitor; two females support themselves by their services in the institution; fifteen are supported by their friends. The remaining eight are supported in whole or in part on the private funds of the institution.

The board have to lament the decrease of the number of annual contributors, arising from a mistaken iminstitution; and deeply regret that the limited state of pression of the prosperous condition of the funds of the its finances prevents them from extending its benefits as widely as their own feelings, and the mute but pathetic appeals of the interesting and unfortunate beings for whose benefit it was instituted, so strongly demand. With a view to disseminate more extensively the knowledge of the advantages offered by the institution, Mr. Lewis Weld, the principal, accompanied by one of the pupils, by direction of the board, made an excursion during the past summer through several of the counties of the state, directing his attention particularly to those counties which had not before been visited by any of our pupils. Of twenty scholars admitted by him on this tour, ten have since arrived. We beg leave to submit the following extract from the report of his journey, made by him to the board:

our former pupils and heard from others, all of whom "In the course of the journey we met with several of are doing well, and by their conduct and acquirements are creditable to the institution. Two of them are married, and two have connected themselves with some denomination of Christians by a public profession of their faith; of these last, however, I had no personal knowledge. In almost every place we visited we found traces of impostors, who for the last few years have often excited the sympathies, received the contributions, and sometimes disgusted the feelings of the benevolent, thus materially injuring our cause.

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of instruction since the last report, and the board have No change has been made in the Teachers or course with the exertions and ability of the Principal and his again the pleasure to express their entire satisfaction

assistants. The manufactures are still carried on with advantage to the pupils.

The health, morals and comfort which continue to cellent domestic arrangement of the faithful matron and distinguish this large family, bear testimony to the exvine Giver of all goodwho has so beneficently smiled on with all other blessings call for our gratitude to that Diour exertions to extend the knowledge of Himself to those who would otherwise have been, not only mute, but unintelligent recipients of his goodness. By order of the Board, (Signed)

WILLIAM WHITE, President. George W. Toland, Rec. Secretary.

1828

METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER, KEPT BY THOMAS SMITH, LABYRINTH GARDEN,

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REMARKS.

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