We would be glad to receive any communications on the subject of the following paper, which, though published some time since, contains facts and statements worthy of preservation. The number of salt works established, and springs discovered since that period, and

29

it will be completed within this year, and is expected to yield water sufficient for fifteen hundred bushels of salt per day.

The progress and increase of the manufacture of salt has been rapid beyond example; and these are the surest evidences of the certainty and permanency of the supplies which will be afforded, when a market will be fur

nished for the article.

and steady market were within the command of the pro-
prietors of these works, "they would be fully competent
to manufacture 150,000 barrels per year;" which, at
five bushels per barrel, would be Barrels 750,000
Add for Mr. Boggs' new well, 1,500 bushels
per day, say 300 days per year,

- 450,000

the whole number of works now in operation, their situ"In the year 1823, at the Connemaugh and Kiskiation, the quantity of salt made, and the price at which minetas salt works, there were made 20,000 barrels of it is sold at the manufactory, would form an interesting salt-in 1824, 35,000 barrels and in 1825, 75,000 barrels." Without the expected productions from the well article of intelligence; and we hope persons in the west-of Mr. Boggs, we are assured that if a reasonable price ern parts of the state possessed of the necessary information, will have the goodness to communicate it to us. Jan. 10, 1826. At a meeting of the acting committee of "The Pennsylvania Society for the Promotion of Internal Improvement," the following original paper was read by one of the members, and ordered to be published. Making from these works only, bushels, 1,200,000† The importance and value of an easy and cheap com- The quality of this salt is excellent. It is universally munication between the eastern and western waters, to in use in the west, and, with but few exceptions, is emthe citizens of the whole commonwealth, has been fre-ployed for the preservation of meats and for domestic quently exhibited, and are now well understood, and almost universally admitted. There are, however, parts The quality of the salt is daily improving, as increased of the state which, from their local situation, and their care is used in its production, and it will continue to imdistance from the sea-board, will derive from such a work prove. The cost of manufacturing will also diminish, advantages peculiarly their own, and which benefits have as the works shall be enlarged, and the methods of maknot heretofore been brought sufficiently into the viewing it shall obtain more attention. The price is now 20 and consideration of our fellow citizens.

purposes by the citizens of the whole county.

and 25 cents per bushel at the works, and on the river it has been sold for much less. It is said it has been purchased for 12 cents per bushel at or near Pittsburg.

It is also a fact, and it is one which is stated with peculiar satisfaction, that those benefits and advantages will be peculiarly and more extensively felt and enjoyed, by those parts of the commonwealth, where objec-sylvania is one dollar per bushel. In some counties more tions to plans of internal improvement have been made with most apparent force, as they have not considered themselves immediate partakers in the rich results of such works.

The citizens of Pennsylvania, separated by mountains from one another, and communicating only by the most costly of all means of intercourse, turnpike roads; have not hitherto known, nor do they yet know, the abundant sources of wealth, prosperity and comfort, which exist within the borders of the state; and which will be fully and equally enjoyed by all, as soon as those mountains shall cease to be obstacles to intercommunication, and canals or railways shall be substituted for those roads.

It is the exclusive purpose of this paper, to exhibit the advantages which will be derived by the middle counties of the state, from the facilities and reduced rates at which they will be supplied with only one of the productions of our state; a necessary of life, and which they now obtain from abroad; and for which, until the improvement of the state shall be accomplished, they will continue to depend on importation. This article is SALT. It was not until within a few years ascertained, that west of the Alleghany mountains and upon the waters which communicate with the Allegheny river, as well as upon the margin of that river, any quantity of salt water may be obtained by penetrating the earth to the depth of from four to five hundred feet. Almost every where, upon the Connemaugh, Kiskiminetas, and Allegheny salt works are established; and the facilities and cheapness with which salt is made, in consequence of the abundance of coal in that country, will enable the manufacturers to furnish it to the middle and eastern parts of of the state, at a price less than salt can be brought from abroad into our cities on the sea-board, and for much less than the price which is now paid for it in our interi

or counties.

There are, upon the Connemaugh and Kiskiminetas thirty-five salt works; upon the Allegheny river there are three, and many more are "in the course of preparation on those waters." One gentleman, Mr. Boggs, a public spirited citizen of Westmoreland county, is now sinking at Kiskiminetas a well of enlarged dimensions;

The usual price of salt in the middle counties of Penndistant from the metropolis, and from Baltimore, the cost per bushel is one dollar and twenty-five cents.

The owners of the salt works on the Connemaugh and Kiskeminetas, "will contract to deliver at Harrisburg, salt manufactured in the best manner, at forty cents per bushel, if a canal to connect the Allegheny and the Susquehanna shall be made."

The writer of this paper has submitted to many intelligent and respectable citizens of the interior counties of Pennsylvania, queries to ascertain the exact quantity of salt consumed in those counties. It was expected that the precise number of bushels could have been known: but some difficulties interposed, and he is obliged to rely upon estimates made by those gentlemen. The estimates are the results of careful and diligent inquiries, and they all agree in representing, that the average use of salt in the middle parts of the state, including that used for agricultural purposes, is half a bushel per person. If this estimate shall be deemed incorrect, it will be in the power of any one to reduce or increase the sums which are the results of it, in the following calculations.

It is proposed to show the particulars and amount of the annual saving to many of the counties of Pennsylvania, those in which the average cost of salt is one dollar per bushel, which will result from the introduction and consumption of the salt of the west, by means of a canal or railway. The calculations are not made as favourably, to the desired purpose as they should be, as forty cents per bushel is assumed to be the price at which the western salt will be delivered in all the counties, although in many of them, as they are nearer the place of produc

*This gentleman, who now makes 200 bush. salt daily at his works, recently sent to a friend in this city some of the coarse and fine salt manufactured by him. It has been found to be of excellent quality, and the fine salt is highly approved of for table use by a number of our citizens.

The whole quantity of salt made at the Saline Springs, in New York, in 1824, was 820,962 bushels-in 1825, only 736,632.

tion than Harrisburg, the cost will be less. Ten per cent. is also added to the charge of forty cents per bushel on western salt, for the expense of carriage, from the place of delivery on the line of communication to the places of consumption.

In the following table, the estimate of the population of the several counties is taken from the census of 1820, adding thereto fifteen per cent. for their increase of in

habitants during the 5 years since that census was taken. This addition is more than justified by the average increase of the population of Pennsylvania, and particularly of the middle counties, between the census of 1810 and 1820. Franklin county is inserted in the table; as a canal through Cumberland valley will connect that county with the Susquehanna. Bedford county will also be benefited by that canal; and if the Juniata route is adopted, she will enjoy the advantages of both.

Sums which will be Sums annually paid paid annually, for Salt Number of bushels by each county for from the west, supplied Middle Counties of Population in 1825. of Salt consumed in Salt, estimating the by a canal or a rail-way; Pennsylvania. each county, at a half same at one dollar per the salt estimated at 40 bushel per head.

bushel.

cents per bushel, with an addition of ten per cent. on the same.

tertained by its representatives for your patriotic devotion and distinguished military services in the cause of your country, during the late war.

As Pennsylvanians, we feel a pride that one of her native sons, so early in life, and in a distant state, should have had assigned to him the important commands entrusted to your charge, and executed by you with a zeal courage and ability, alike honourable to yourself and the national character. It is also a source of high gratification, that the state of Tennessee, properly sensible of your worth, talents and devotion to her interests, elevated you at a subsequent period, to the first office of the state.

It affords me sincere pleasure to be the organ to convey these feelings and sentiments to you; and permit me to add my wish, that your merits and services may continue to be duly appreciated and rewarded, and to assure you of my individual respect and consideration. I have the honor to be, Very respectfully, Your obedient servant, J. ANDW. SHULZE.

Nashville, June 15, 1827. SIR-I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication, of May 15th, enclosing an official copy of a resolution, relating to myself, passed at the last session of the legislature of Pennsylvania.

To say that the communication and the document it contained, are extremely grateful to my feelings, would be but a faint and inadequate expression of the emotions

Correspondence with Governor Carroll, of the state of they have excited in my bosom. That my humble,

Tennessee.

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT,
Harrisburg, May 15, 1827. S

WILLIAM CARROLL, Esq.
Governor of Tennessee.

SIR-I have the honour to herewith transmit to you an official copy of a resolution, passed at the late session of the legislature of Pennsylvania, and to communicate to you, on behalf of the state, the very great regard en

though hearty and zealous exertions in the stations to which I was called during the last war have been thus long recollected in my native state, and are thus highly appreciated by its distinguished citizens, its statesmen and legislators, are circumstances well calculated, not only to inspire me with gratitude for the partiality and kindness with which the sentiments communicated by you have been expressed, but to create within my breast, an enthusiastic glow of pride and joy, which it would

Russia. Theodore Ivanoff consul general, No. 70 Wal

nut st.

Great Britain. Gilbert Rebertson consul, No. 4 Library st.

107 S. Front st.

Brazil. Francisco Joaquim de Lima consul general, No.
Spain. Francisco de Tacon minister resident, No. 270
Walnut st.
Francisco Hernandez de Nogues consul, No. 50 S.
5th st.

France. Mr. Pillovine consul, No. 44 Pine st.
Mexico. Don Jose Tolon consul, N. 138 South Second

street.

No. 81 S. Front st.

Frankfort. (free city in Germany) A. Halbach consul,
Saxony. Robert Ralston, jr. consul, No. 11 South Front
Netherlands. Lewis Krumbhaar agent, No. 217 Market

street.

street.

Austria. Baron Lederer consul general for New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, residence Newberg, N.Y.

Wirtemberg. Christian Mayer consul general, residence Baltimore. Inquire of Mayer & Lohman, back of No. 95 N. Water st.

Rome. Charles Picot vice consul, Washington Square, two doors above 7th st.

overlooked, and we are now compelled to resort to the anthracite beds of Pennsylvania; we must also draw our supplies from the bituminous coal of Tioga, in that state, and on the opening of the Ohio canal, from the vast deposits of the same fossil which are embosomed in the regions adjoining the Muskingum river and its head waters: the toll on wood amounts to an interdiction of its transportation by the canals, beyond a moderate distance, and its rapid consumption by steam boats, by our increasing population, and by the various uses to which it is applied for human accommodation, is so extensive, that its expense has become very onerous in our places of concentrated population. That branch of rural economy which embraces the plantations of forests ought to be fostered, and the reproduction of our wood, is an object of primary importance. Peat and turf which abound in many places, have been found useful to a certain extent. It has been estimated that in the ratio of the consumption of London, this state will require two millions of tons of coal annually, if coal is exclusively used, but as this is not the fact a great deduction must be allowed. There is, however, no doubt that the augmentation of all our manufactories, and of all machinery impelled by steam, will increase the demand with the progress of time and population. We can now, or soon will procure anthracite coal from Pennsylvania by the ocean, by the Hudson and Delaware, and by the Morris canals, and other channels may be opened by the Chenango, by the Orange and Sussex, and by the Delaware and Raritan canals. Bituminous, and in some instances, glance coal may be obtained by the following proposed avenues; by the Chenango, by Chemung and by the Ohio canals, by the rail road from Oswego to Ithaca and by the Susquehanna canal, and a rail road from the head of the Otsego lake to the Erie canal, The importance and magnitude of this interest, require that every source of supply should be encouraged and every means of acquisition attempted. All the great projects of communication I have specified, ought with this view alone to receive your favourable notice. Great revenue as well as great accommodation; invariably results from the conveyance of coal by hydraulic communication. The coal beds at Canal Port or Peter's Camp, in Tioga county, Pennsylvania, have been accurately explored and examined, and in the upper part of this city, was yesterday morning competent judges concur in opinion as to the excellence brought before Alderman Bartram, charged with having of quality, abundance of quantity; facility of approach drowned his wife, by throwing her into the river Delaand easiness of procurement-besides they are accompa-ware on Friday night the 4th int. He was remanded for nied and environed by sulphuret of iron, bismuth, galena further examination. and almost all the varieties of the best iron ores. The tendency of the proposed communications to diminish the price and to increase the supply of coal must be palpable.

CHRONICLE.

FOREIGN MINISTERS,
Consuls &c. resident in Philadelphia.
Denmark. John Bohlen Vice Consul, office No. 67 S.
4th st.

Hamburg. Charles N. Buck Consul General, office No.
30 Walnut st.

Colombia. Alexander Velez charge d'affairs and con-
sul general, office cor. of 5th and Library sts.
Edward Brady vice consul, office No. 33 Walnut st.
Prussia. L. Niederstetter charge d'affaires, Arch near
12th st.

Jacob Sperry consul, No. 99 S. Front st.
Portugal. Chevalier I Barrozo Pereira charge d'affaires
and consul general, No. 218 Chesnut st.
John Vaughan vice consul, No. 107 S. Front st,
Sweden and Norway. Chevalier S. Lorich consul gene-
ral, No. 218 Chesnut st.

John Vaughan vice consul, No. 107 S. Front st. Sardinia. Chevalier Caravadossy de Thoet, No. 294

Walnut st.

Naples and Sicily. William Read vice consul, Dock near 2d st.

elected by the Commissioners of the Northern Liberties, On Tuesday 1st January, Frederick Wolbert, esq. was Police Magistrate of the District for the ensuing year.

The legislature on the 8th inst. elected Alexander Mahon (speaker of the Senate) State Treasurer in the place of Mr. Clark, removed.

A man has been drowned at dam No. 2, in the Kiskeminetas.

A coloured man of the name of Jacob Marsh, who lived

On Sunday last an elderly gentleman employed a carriage to take a ride; when on the Schuylkil Permanent Bridge, he offered the driver a bank note in payment for his fare, requesting him to call back with the change in about an hour, stating that he intended to remain there; but before the carriage had got off the bridge, he was seen to leap from one of the windows and was drowned. No cause is assigned for this rash act. His body floated down to Gray's Ferry Bridge, and was there picked up.

Appointment by the Post Master General.

Millerstown, Lehigh county, Pennsylvania. The name Colonel Jonas Rodock, is appointed Postmaster at of the Post Office is changed from Millersville, to Macungy.

Printed every Saturday morning by WILLIAM F. GEDDES, No. 59 Locust street, Philadelphia; where, and at the EDITOR's residence, No. 51 Filbert street, Subscriptions will be thankfully received. Price five dollars per annum-payable in SIX MONTHs after the commencement of publication-and annually thereafter, by Subscribers resident in or near the city-or where there is an agent. Other Subscribers pay in advance.

THE

REGISTER OF PENNSYLVANIA.

DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION OF EVERY KIND OF USEFUL INFORMATION RESPECTING THE STATE.

VOL. I.

EDITED BY SAMUEL HAZARD, NO. 51, FILBERT STREET.
PHILADELPHIA, JANUARY 19, 1828.

REPORT

OF THE CANAL COMMISSIONERS OF

PENNSYLVANIA.

[FROM PAGE 24-CONCLUDED.]

NO. 3.

the locks. The Board are therefore compelled to say, in the most explicit manner, that a navigable commuication between the eastern and western waters of Pennsylvania, sufficiently permanent to justify the expense, is wholly impracticable.

The survey of Mr. Randal, along the north branch of the Susquehanna, was commenced in the month of July, He began his line of levels at the New-York line, and carried it simultaneously on both sides of the river until he arrived at Northumberland, a distance of 161 miles. He has since furnished the Board with an estimate of the costs of each mile on either side, and also of the expense of a complete line formed in the manner most consistent with economy, by crossing the river at several points, so as to avoid serious obstacles and take advantage of more favourable ground.

The whole distance located in this way, will amount to $1,820,587 78 or 11,308 per mile. From Northumberland to the Wyoming Valley, keeping on the west side all the way, the cost for 56 miles will not exceed $8,500 per mile.

The Board have not found themselves materially deceived in the calculations which they presented to the Legislature in their last report, and further reflection and information have confirmed their impressions of the importance of this communication as a part of the system of improvement.

By the first section of the Act of 9th April, 1827, the canal commissioners are required to make further examinations, in order to determine the practicability of a continued water communication between the west branch of Susquehanna and the Allegheny rivers. In compliance with this section, and with the request of a number of members of the legislature, who felt an interest on the subject, Messrs. William Wilson and John Mitchell were appointed at the meeting in May, with instructions to examine all points on the dividing ridge not previously explored, and to report whether any and which afforded in their opinion a prospect of success.Mr. Wilson, to whom the most northern section of country was assigned, commenced operations about the first of July, and after following the dividing ridge from the New York line to a summit between the head of Bennet's Branch and that of Sandy Lick, reported this summit as the only one within his district worthy of attention. Mr. Mitchell commenced his survey on the 26th of July, and directed his attention to the southern portion of the dividing ridge. By a letter dated September 20th, he informed the superintendant of surveys, that a summit between the head of West Branch and that of TwoLick, The surveys directed by law between the Susquepresented the most reasonable hope of a water commu- hanna and the Delaware, were commenced by Major nication, and requested that a professional engineer Wilson in the latter end of June. He began his examimight be sent to examine and report upon the subject. nations on the Schuylkill, and continued thence through Upon the receipt of this letter, Mr. Whippo, in whose the valley of Chester county to the Gap of Mine Ridge, qualifications for the service the Board have entire con- which divides the waters intended to be connected.fidence, and who was then engaged in the neighbour- Having established this summit, the height of which corhood of Lake Erie, was directed to repair as soon as responds in a remarkable degree with the report of possible to Bellefonte, and thence with Messrs. Wilson the first canal commissioners, he proceeded to ascertain and Mitchell to proceed to the points which they had the quantity of water which could be brought for its supdesignated. This order was executed as early as prac-ply. The result of these inquiries, which are believed ticable, and a report has been received from Mr. Whippo to have been conducted with great fidelity, render the of which a copy is annexed. It appears that the whole impracticability of a navigable communication so comsupply on the Sandy Lick summit, for 14 miles is equal pletely manifest, that the survey was abandoned. In to 8 88.100 cubic feet per second; while the necessary conformity with his instructions Major Wilson next prodemand for filtration and evaporation in that distance ceeded to the mouth of Swatara, and commenced the would be 12 cubic feet per second-and that a reservoir location of a railway line, thence to Philadelphia; a duty proposed by Mr. Wilson for collecting the drainage of which was finally accomplished by the 29th of Novemthe country in aid of the feeding streams, would be ber. It was the misfortune of this party to be visited wholly insufficient for the purpose. In regard to the with sickness of such extreme severity, that for several TwoLick summit, its distance is so great from the points weeks but a single individual was fit for duty. In conof supply, that Mr. Mitchell announces the entire impos- sequence of delay thus produced, a regular estimate of sibility of furnishing it with water, unless some mode the cost of a railway is not yet prepared. can be devised which will obviate the loss by filtration Since his return to Philadelphia, Major Wilson has and evaporation. With this view he proposes the intro-laboured with the utmost assiduity, and has furnished duction of iron pipes as a means of conducting water to the Board with a full report of his canal examinations the summit. In the report of Mr. Whippo it is demon-through the Chester Valley, with an estimate for a canal strated that the expense of such an experiment cannot along the Susquehanna, from the mouth of Swatara to be less than four millions of dollars. Against its adoption at such enormous cost, two considerations are believed to be conclusive. First, that, supposing the whole supply introduced upon the summit, it would barely be sufficient for the passage of 23 boats a day, or less than one to the hour-and second, that if by the failure of the streams relied upon, which from experience and analogy there is every reason to expect the quantity should be moderately reduced, none would remain for the use of

Columbia, and with a minute and most satisfactory description of the railway line from Columbia to Philadel phia. This line reaches the northern boundary of the city of Lancaster, in a distance scarcely exceeding that of the turnpike road; thence crossing the Conestoga, Pequea and some smaller streams, arrives at its greatest. elevation at the Gap; thence descending into the Chester Valley on the north side, and crossing the branches of Brandywine, it reaches the valley summit, and passes to