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I myself will gather apples, Ipfe ego cana legam tenera lanugine mala pisona boary with tender down,

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In these northern parts of the world this paleness is indeed a fort of a faint, dead whiteness: but in the warmer countries, where the people are generally of a more fwarthy complexion, their palenefs is rather yellow. Hence the Greeks and Romans, by palenefs do not mean whitenefs but yellowness. Virgil himself gives the epithet pale to the olive, which is of a yellowish green;

Lenta falix quantum pallenti cedit olivae.”

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a colour used in painting xa, which is known to be yellow, and by us called yellow ochrean Theocritus calls the palenefs in the cheeks of dead Adonis x 10

;

"Adaviv й Kupn
Ως ἔιδε νεκρὸν ἤδη
Στυγνὰν ἔχοντα χαίταν,
Ωχράν τε τὴν παρείαν.

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Horace, in the tenth Ode of the third Book, fpeaks of the violet palenefs of a lover, which must be meant of the Viola alba, Leucoium, or Wall-flower:

"O, quamvis neque te munera nec preces,

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"Nec tinctus vicla pallor aman

"tium

"Nec vir Pieria pellice faucius
"Curvat."

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This alludes to a cuftom, which fome coxcombs had of drinking cummin to make themselves look pale, in imitation of ftudious perThe Greeks call palenefs wxges, and fons; as Pliny tells us; Verun

30

66 tamen

Caftaneafque nuces, mea quas Amarillis amabat,

66

NOTES.

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and chestnuts, fuchas my Ame ryllis used to love.

tamen omne pallorem bibentibus Summa papavera.] Servius fays gignit. Ita certe ferunt Portit "Latronis clari inter magiftros di "cendi adfectatores fimilitudinem "coloris ftudiis contracti imitatos." Diofcorides, fpeaking of the fame effect of cummin, calls the colour occafioned by it ὠχρότερον: Τρέπει δὲ καὶ χρῶτα ἐπὶ τὸ ὠχρότερον πινόμενον TE Xxl xpsov. Ovid, in the τε καὶ συγχριόμενον. fourth Book of his Metamorphofis, compares palenefs to box, which is known to be a yellow wood;

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But, what is more full to our purpofe, the fame Poet afcribes paleness to gold, which is certainly what we fhould call yellow. It is in the story of Midas, who turned every thing he touched to gold. He took up a fione, fays the Poet, and the ftone grew pale with gold;

the Poet mentions Poppies, Daffodils, and Dill, because Papaver, Nar cifus, and Anethus, were the names of three beautiful boys, who were turned into thofe flowers. The ftory of Narciffus is known, but I do not remember to have read of the other two. Poppies have been fpoken of at large in the note on ver. 78. of the firft Georgick. The fort here intended is the common.red poppy, which grows wild among the corn. It is mentioned here, aş well as by Theocritus, because it was anciently used in fome little amorous fooleries. The Cyclops, in Theocritus, tells Galatea he will bring her either white lilies, or tender poppies with red platagonia;

- Ἔφερον δὲ τοι ἤ κρίνα λευκὰ "Η μάκων ἀπαλὰν ἐρυθρα πλαταγώνι ἔχοισαν.

3. f

The Greek Scholiaft tells us, they had a custom of taking a leaf of a poppy, or anemony [he means the petal or flower-leaf] and laying it on the thumb and fore-finger of one "Tollit humo saxum: faxum quo- hand, and flapping it with the other.

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que palluit auro:”

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If it gave a crack, it was a fign their fweethearts loved them: but if it failed, they lamented their difappointment. In the third Idyllium, the Goatherd tells Amaryllis, that he lately tried whether the loved him; but the telephilon gave. no whatáɣnux or crack;

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2

"Εγνων

I snill and wamen plums, and Addam cerea pruna : honos erit huic quoque poma: this fruit alle fall be honoured:

NOTES.

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taking Tao to be the doo, which is a fort of Sedum or House Leek. The Scholiaft mentions various opinions concerning this no, fome taking it to mean the poppy, others fome other herb. He fays, they used to put it on their arms, and give it a blow: if it only made the fkin red, it was a fign of love; but if it made the fkin fore, it was a fign of hatred. Caefalpinus obferves, that the Ornithopodium Portulacae folio, which he calls Telephium, was ufed in his time for the fame purpofe in Italy, and therefore called the herb of love. Telephium vulgo, a noftris herba * amoris vocatur, herbula praecipue in vincis nafcens. Hujus foicium cum faliva applicatum cutim rubificat, aliquando et pustulas excitat: unde nunc ufus

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and was

"amoris putatur indicium: fi puf"tulas excitat, odii. Hunc ufum " antiqui poetae Telephio tradide

runt, ut apud Theocritum, ob "id Philthron quoque appellata eft." What the Scholiaft and Caefalpinus have here related concerning the Telephilon or Telephium is not the

fame with what Theocritus has faid of it for the Goatherd did not

look for it's effect on his fkin, but

attended to the found. It appears however, that not only the poppy; but other flowers or leaves alfo were ufed for this fuperftitious purpofe. But the έρυθρο πλαταγώνια of the thew that the red poppy was partipoppy mentioned by Theocritus, cularly in ufe; whence we may conclude, that it was the fort here intended by Virgil, who, like the Greek Poet, has mentioned it along with lilies.

48. Narciffum.] See the note on ver. 122. of the fourth Georgick...

Florem.... bene olentis Anethi.] with roses and wall-flowers, to make Theocritus mentions this plant along val of the beloved Ageanax :a garland to wear on the fafe arri

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Αγεάνακτι πλέον διζημένω ἐς
ἐς Μιτυ
avav
Ωρια πάντα γένοιτο, καὶ εύπλοον ορ
μου ίκοιτο,

Κἠγὼ τῆνο κατ ̓ ἅμαρ', ανήθινον ἢ
ροδόεντα,
"Η κα Λευκόΐων στέφανον περὶ κρατί
fi x
Φυλάσσων,

“ puellaris in amore explorando : f "enim cutem rubefacit tantum,

Τον

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reapers oft are wont their har→ veft queen."

Suavibus herbis.] La Cerda thinks this may. be meant of the sweetness of the colour of thefe flowers; be

It is mentioned alfo by Columella, who feems to have written in imintation of Virgil "Et bene odorati flores fparguntur caufe fuavis is ufed in that fenfe; as

"Aneti."

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fuave rubens byacinthus. But in this place, it is certainly used to exprefs the odour; for we have presently afterwards,

"Sic pofitae quoniam fuaves mifce "tis odores."

50. Vaccinia.] Vaccinium is the fame with the axios of the Greek Poets; for which reason I here tranflate it hyacinth. See the note on ver. 18. of this Eclogue.

Caltha.] It is hardly poffible to determine certainly what plant the Poets meant by their Caltha. We

being thus placed, because ye Sic pofitac quoniam fuaves mifcetis odores.i55 diffuse feet odours.

NOTES.

frid, by the epithet Lutecla in this place, that it had a yellow flower, which is confirmed alfo by Columella, who gives it the epithet flammeola

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Therefore it may very well be our common Marygold, according to the general, opinion. La Cerda fays it is the Buphthalmus of Diofcorides, and thence takes occafion to corred 2 paflage in Pliny. The words are thefe ; 66 Buphthalmus fimilis boum oculis, folio Foeniculi, circa op"pida nafcens, fruticofa caulibus, qui et manduntur decocti, qui"dam cachlam vocant." Here, fays he, Dalechampius inferts calcham in the margin; but inftead of them both I fubftitute caltham. It may not be amifs to confider, how. well grounded the criticifm of this learned author may be. We find in Diofcorides almoft the very fame words with thofe juft quoted from Pliny He fays, Buphthalmus, which fome call Cachlas, has thin and foft ftalks, leaves like, fennel, and a yellow flower, larger than that of Anthemis, fhaped like an eye, whence it had it's name. It grows about towns, and in open places: Βούφθαλμον δι δὲ Κάχλαν καλούσι καυλὸν ἀνίησι τρυφερὸν φύλλα δὲ μαpa posión aun mating well our Is

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ardeμídos optaxμosin ODEV
ανθεμίδος· ὀφθαλμοειδή OJEV By Ovo-"
μασίαι· φύεται δὲ ἐν πεδίοις,
TA'S WORELS.
πόλεις. He uses almoft the
fame words in his defcription of the
Chryfanthemum, which he fays is
alfo called Chalcas. It is a tender

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herb and bufhy, having fmooth ftalks and jagged leaves; the flowers are of a fhining yellow colour, and round like an eye, whence it is fo. called. It grows near towns, and the ftalks are eaten as pot-herbs: Χρυσάνθεμον ἢ Χαλκάς τρυφεράτις πόα θαμνοειδῆς δὲ· λείους αναφέρουσα καυλοὺς καὶ φύλλα πολυσχιδῆ· ἄνθη μήλινα· ἰσχυρῶς στίλβοντα· καὶ ὀφ θαλμὸν κυκλοτερῆ· διὸ καὶ οὕτως ἐνοpaolar Quetaι WEPT TA'S WORELS OF navλoi d'autouλxxανεúοuтα. Thus we find, that the Buphthalmus is by fome called Cachlas, and the Chryfanthemum is alfo called Chalcas, Whether Kaxas and Xaxxas are both the fame word differently fpelt, or not, has been a fubject of difpute: but they feem fufficiently different; and therefore fince DiofcoBuphthalmus is called Cachlas, there rides agrees with Pliny in faying the feems to be no occafion for La Certhat neither the Buphthalmus, nor da's correction. Befides, it is plain, the Chryfanthemum is our marygold, the leaves of which are neither jagged, like Chryfanthemum, nor refembling fennel, as is faid of the Buphthalmus. Any radiated difcous fower may be faid to refemble a eye; and Columella feems to hint

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