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by verfes Circe changed the com- Carminibus Circe focios mutavit Ulyffeiyo 70 panions of Ulyffes: by finging

the cold fnake is burften in the Frigidus in pratis cantando rumpitur anguis. meadows. Bring, bring my Ducite ab urbe domum, mea carmina, ducite Daphnis bome from the city, O Daphnim.

my verfes.

Fir I furround thee with Terna tibi haec primum triplici diverfa colore these three lifts diftinguished Licia circumdo, terque haec altaria circum

with abres colours, and lead Effigiem duco. Numero Deus impare gaudet. 75 this image three times about thefe altars. The deity delights Ducite ab urbe domum, mea carmina, ducite

in an odd number. Bring,

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Daphnim,

bring my Daphnis bome from Necte tribus nodis ternos, Amarylli, colores: the city, O my verses.

Knit three colours, with three Necte, Amarylli, modo: et Veneris dic vincula knots, Amaryllis: knit them necto.

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quickly Amaryllis and fay,

knit

nis the knots of Venus. Bring, Ducite ab urbe domum, mea carmina, ducite being my Daphnis bome from the city, O my verses.

As this mud bardens, and es this wax melts

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Daphnim.

Limus ut hic duréfcit, et haec ut cera liquefcit 80

NOTES.

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70. Circe. An enchantrefs, who turned the companions of Ulyffes fnto fwine. See the tenth book of the Odyffey, and the feventh book of the Aeneids.

1. Cantando.] Hence are derived our words, inchant, and incantation.

173. Terna tibi haec, &c.] She proceeds in her magical fuperftitions, making ufe of the number three, which was thought to be facred.

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The forcerefs, in Theocritus, makes ufe alfo of the number three;

77. Necte tribus nodis, &c.] The fame fuperftition is continued.

80. Limus ut hic, &c.] The forceress proceeds to the famous piece of witchcraft, the making of images, which are faid to confume the perfon for whom they are made, as the images themselves are 'confumed; and adds fome other cere monies,

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Here are plainly, two images defcribed; one of mud and the other of wax: the former of which would neceflarily grow hard, and the latter foften, in the fame fire. Servius of opinion, that the forceress here makes her own image of mud; and that of Daphnis of wax; that he may melt with regard to her, like •975. Numera Deus impare gaudet.] wax; but grow obdurate to the

Ἐς τρὶς ἀποσπένδω, και τρὶς τάδε πότε κι είναι φωνώ

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Uno eodemque igni: fic noftro Daphnis amore,

NOTES.

woman he was now in love with, and to all others, as the mud hardened in the fire. Others think both the images reprefented Daphnis: and not without realon; for how fhould the image of the forcerefs be fuppofed to make the heart of Daphnis hard to other women, y growing hard itself? But peraps it may be beft, to fuppofe with ervius, that the image of mud rerefented the forcerefs, and that of vax Daphnis: and that as Daphnis yould melt into love of her, as his nage diffolved, fo fhe would grow bdurate, as her image hardened. his interpretation feems to agree, ith what the wishes prefently afterards; that he may love her veheently, and that the may not reird his paffion;

by one and the fame fire, fo Daphnis by my love bey

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In later times, there have been many, who have attempted the lives of others, by making representati ons of them in clay or wax, in order to confume fuch perfons by con fuming their images. About the beginning of the laft century, many

Talis amor teneat: nec fit mihi perfons were convicted of this, and cura mederi.”

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other fuch like practices, and exe-
cuted accordingly. King James
the Firft, who then fate upon the
throne, was a great believer of the
power of magick, and condefcended
fo far, as to be the author of a book
intituled Daemonologie, in which
amongst other particulars, he speaks
of thefe images as being frequently
made at that time; and afcribes the
of them to the devil.
"To
power
"fome others at these times he
"teacheth, how to make pictures
"of waxe or claye, that by the

66.

roafting thereof, the perfons that

they beare the name of, may be "continually melted or dried away "by continuall fickeneffet.....

They

Crumble the cake, and handle the Sparge molam, et fragiles incende bitumine lauros, crackling bays with bitumens

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NOTE S

"They can bewitch and take the
❝ life of men or women, by roaft"
"ing of the pictures, which like
"wife is verie poffible to their
"mafter to performe: for although
<< that inftrument of waxe have no
"vertue in that turne doing, yet
σε may

"the fame measure, that his con-
"jured flaves melts that waxe at the
"fire, may hee not, I fay, at these
fame times, fubtily, as a fpirit, fo
"weaken and fcatter the fpirits of
"life of the patient, as may make
"him on the one part, for faint-
"neffe, to fweat out the humour
"of his bodie, and on the other
part, for the not .concurrence of
thefe fpirits, which caufes his di
"geftion, fo debilitate his fto-
"macke, that this humour radi-
"call, continually fweating out on
"the one part, and no new good
"fucke being put in the place
"thereof, for lacke of digeftion

66

3

on the other, he at laft fhall va "nifh away, even as his picture "will doe at the fire? And that "knavish and cunning workeman, "by troubling him, onely at fome "times, makes a proportion, so "neere betwixt the working of the "one and the other, that both

fhall end as it were at one time." However, notwithstanding the reafonings of this learned Monarch, I believe few are now afraid of this, or any other power of witchcraft, except the moft illiterate of the people.

82. Sparge molam, &c.] "The

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mola was made of meal, falted; parched, and kneaded, molita, "whence it was called mola, and "victims were faid to be immolated, because the foreheads of the victims, and the hearths, and the knives bad this cake crumbled upon them. There"fore this cake is crumbled upod "the image of Daphnis, as upon the victim of this great facrifice." RUAEUS.

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In the eighth Aeneid, when Dido pretends to make a magical facri fice, in order to recover the love of Aeneas, among other rites, the makes ufe of this fort of cake;

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Ipfa mola, manibufque piis, altaria juxta, "Unam exuta pedem vinclis, i "vefte recincta, "Teftatur moritura deos, et con "fcia fati...e "Sidera."

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Daphnisme malus urit, ego hanc in Daphnide The cruel Daphnis burns me, and I this bay in Daphnis laurum Bring, bring my Daphnis bone” Ducite ab urbe domum, mea carmina, ducite from the city, my verfes

Daphnim.

ΝΟΤ Ε S.

"Dant etiam fonitum patuli fuper acquora mundi, da

Fragiles incende bitumine lauros.] The bays were burnt alfo, in order to confume the flesh of the perfon, on whose account these magical rites were performed. Thus Theocritus"

Carbafus ut quondam magnis intenta theatris 112 4

Dat crepitum malos inter jactata, "trabeifque:

Apis Eu aviaσer ¿yú ♪éri Aix- Interdum perfciffa furit petulan

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****tibus Euris,

"Et fragilis fonitus chartarum "commeditatur ;

"Id quoqué enim genus in tonitru "cognofcere poffis,

"Aut ubi fufpenfam veftem, char"tafve volanteis

*. Verberibus venti verfant, planguntque per auras."

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The ufe of the bitumen feems to have been the fame with that of brimstone with us, in the making of matches. The twigs of bay were dipped into it, to make them kindle more readily. The bay was thought to exprefs, by it's crackling noife, a deteftation of fire: Lau"ros quidem manifefto abdicat ig❝nes crepitu, et quadam detefta❝tione." Plin. lib. 16. c. ult. The fame author adds, that Tiberius ufed to crown his head with bays, when it thundered; to preferve himself from danger; " Ti

berium principem, tonante caelo, "coronari ea folitum ferunt contra

fulminum metus.” *?**

Lauros.] It is ramos, in the ancient Oblong manufcript, according to Pierius.

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85. Talis

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May fuch a love poffefs Talis amor Daphnim, qualis, cum fella juvenéum 89 Daphnis, as a beifer feels, Per nemora atque altos quaerendo bucula lucos, zuben wearied with feeking the bull through the woods and Propter aquae rivum viridi procumbit in ulva thick groves, fhe lies down on the green fedge by the fide of a brook,

NOTES.

85. Talis amor Daphnim, &c.] She now wishes, that Daphnis may be urged by the most violent love; and that she may have no regard for his pains.

The known vehemence of this paffion in a cow is frequently alluded to by the Poets. La Cerda thinks that Virgil imitates the following verfes of Lucretius;

"At mater virideis faltus orbata

peragrans, "Linquit humi pedibus veftigia preffa bifulcis,

* Omnia convifens oculis loca, fi ❝ queat ufquam

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"Confpicere amiffum foetum: com- "Such is fond Daphnis love, nët

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"fhall I cafe his pain."

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of bos.

87. Propter aquae rivum, &c.] Thus Lucretius;

Proftrati in gramine molli "Propter aquae rivum, fub ramis 26 arboris altae."

-Procumbit in ulva.] So I read with Heinfius. Pierius found in ulva in the Lombard manufcript; but he fays in herba is the more ufual reading. Heinfius, according to Burman, found in ulva in all his manuscripts except one; and in one of them viridi concumbit in ulva. Burman adds, that it is confedit in

berba,

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