In medio duo figna, Conon: et quis fuit alter, 40 In the middle are two images, Conon; and rubo was that other, NOTES.. "right; if his quotation from cr Pliny be true efpecially confidering how nearly ivy and a "vine are a-kin to each other in "the property here expreffed by "lenta, i. e. flexilis, and in creep"ing up, or round fome other body and moreover that vitis, and vimen fpring from the fame "root, vieo." Dr. TRAPP. I am glad, that it is in my power, to fatisfy this learned gentleman, in his greateft difficulty, and at the fame time to juftify Ruaeus from the fufpicion of quoting falfly. Pliny does really ufe viticula for a branch of ivy, in the eleventh chapter of the twenty-fourth book, where he thus defcribes the apocynum; "Frutex દ eft, folio ederae, molliore tamen, "et minus longis viticulis, femine acuto, divifo, lanuginofo, gravi "odcre." It must however be observed, that viticula does not peculiarly fignify the branch of ivy; for it is ufed for that of a vine by Pal“ Item vituli marini pellis * in medio vinearum loco uni fuperjecta viticulae creditur contra "imminens malum totius vineae "membra veftiffe." It does not feem improbable, that Virgil might ufe vitis in this place, not for a vine properly fo called, but for a branch climbing with tendrils, or viticula. Our gardeners call this fort of branches, as in melons and cucumbets, vines. Thus Mr Miller, in his Gardener's Dictionary, fpeaking of cucumbers, fays, "Then lay out the runners of the vines in ladius; σ exact order, and be careful in this work not to difturb the vines ' too much, nor to bruife or break "the leaves. This digging of the ground will loofen it, and thereby render it eafy for the roots of the "plants to ftrike into it, as alfo "render the furface of the earth o more agreeable to the vines that "run upon it." This, I think, is certain, that corymbus fignifies the cluster of berries of an ivy, and not of a vine. To conclude, I believe, that vitis lenta really fignifies, not ȧ vine bearing grapes, but a vine, or bending branch. 39. Hedera.. pallente.] Many forts of Ivy are mentioned by the Ancients; most of which feem to be rather varieties than diftinct spe cies. Theophraftus fays the three principal forts are the white, the black; and that which is called Helix; Пoxusins de ó Korlòs, ô μèv Επίγειος, ὁ δὲ εἰς ὕψος αιρόμενος· καὶ τῶν ἐν ὕψει πλείω γένη τρία δ' δυν φαίνεται τα μέγιστα ὅ τε λευκός, καὶ ὁ μέλας, καὶ τρίτον ἡ ἕλιξ. The black is our common Ivy, and the Helix feems to be only the fame plant, before it is arrived to the perfection of bearing fruit. For at firft the leaves are angular, and the whole plant clings clofe to the wall or tree that fupports it: but when it comes to flower, a new fhoot is detached from the fupport, bearing roundish leaves without angles. That the Helix is the Ivy in it's barren ftate, is plain from the account G which zubo defcribed with bis faff the Defcripfit radio totum qui gentibus orbem? whole world to the nations? A TW 2 C NOTES. pup. Pliny has confounded the Ivy with the Giftus, being deceived by the fimilitude of the Greek fames; that of Ivy being xITTOs or xos, and that of the Ciftus nolos, κισσός, κίστος, The following words plainly belong to the Ciflus, " Duo genera ejus prima, ut reliquarum, màs et foemina. Major traditur mas corpore, et folio duriore ac pinedente. Uuriufque autem fos guiore, et flore ad purpuram ac fimilis eft Rofae fylveftri, nifi quod caret odore." R cr σε 3. J. of the Ciftus does indeed bear a requod caret odore." The flower femblance to that of the wild Rofe; but it would be difficult to find any relates to the Ivy is for the most part fuch fimilitude in the Ivy, What taken from Theophraftus. "Ivy which Theophraftus gives of it. He fays the leaves are angular, and more neat than thofe of Ivy, which has them more round and fimple. He adds alfo, that it is barren Ἡ δὲ δὴ ἕλιξ ἐν μεγίσταις διαφοραίς καὶ γὰρ τοῖς φύλλοις πλείστον διαφέρει, τῇ τε μικρότητι, καὶ τῷ γωνιοειδή κ ευθυμότερα εἶναι· τα δὲ τοῦ κιττοῦ· πε ριφερέστερα και άπλω καὶ τῷ μήκει των κλημάτων καὶ ἔτι τῷ ἄκαρπος εἶναι, As for the white Ivy, it feems to be unknown to us. Some indeed imagine it to be that variety, of which the leaves are variegated with white. But Theophraftus exprefsly mentions the whiteness of the fruit. For he fays fome have only the fruit white, and others the leaves alfo ; Λευκὸς γὰρ ὁ μὲν τῷ καρis now faid to grow in Afa πῷ μόνῳ, ὁ δὲ καὶ τοῖς φύλλοις ἐστι. « Theophraftus denied it, and faide Diofcorides alfo mentions three principal forts of Ivy, the white, the black, and the Helix. The white bears a white fruit; the black has either a black, or faffron-coloured fruit, which is called by the vulgar Dionyfia; the Helix bears no fruit at all; but has white twigs, and fmall, angular, reddifh leaves; Κισσός πολλὰς ἔχει διαφοράς της κατ' εἶδος, τὰς δὲ γεννικώτατας τρεῖς· λέγεται γὰρ ὁ μέν της λευκός, ὁ δὲ μέλας, ὁ δὲ ἔλιξ· ὁ μὲν οὖν λευκὸς φέἔρει τὸν καρπὸν λευκόν, ὁ δὲ μέλας μέσ κανα ή κροκίζονται ὅν δὲ καὶ ἰδιῶται Διονύσιον καλοῦσιν· ὁ δὲ ἔλιξ ἄκαρπός τε ἐστί, καὶ λευκὰ ἔχει τα κλήματα, και τα φύλλα λεπτα καὶ γωνιώδη καὶ el لود of it did not grow in India, except on the mountain Merus: that Harpalus did all that was in his in vain: that Alexander how power to plant it in Media, but ever, on account of it's fcarce "nefs crowned his army with it when he returned from the con queft of India, after the example of Liber Pater, the thyrf οἱ which deity, and the helmets and fhields are now adorned with their solemn rites. It is an ene it by the people of Thrace in "my to all trees and plants; "breaks down walls and fepul σε chres; and is very grateful to « the coldnefs of ferpents, whence it "" is a wonder that any honour it fhould Tempora quae meffor, quae curvus arator haberet? what seasons the reaper, and what the bending plowman fhould obferve. NOTES. "But their mistake is evident from "there being feveral forts of helix, "of which three are very remark"able., One is herbaceous and green, which is the moft com66 mon, another is white, and a third variegated, which is called "the Thracian. The leaves of the "green fort are thinner, disposed in "better order, and fuller: those of the fecond fort are quite different. "Of the variegated ivy one fort has thinner leaves, difpofed in "order, and full; in another fort all thefe properties are neglected: "The leaves alfo are larger in fome than in others: and they differ "alfo in the form of their fpots. "Alfo of the white fort some are "fhould be given it." Then follows the paffage relating to the Ciftus, after which he thus proceeds; "There is a white and a black Ivy, " and a third fort, which is called « Helix.: Thefe forts are again “fubdivided, for one is white only "with regard to the fruit; another "has the leaves alfo white, Of "those which bear a white fruit, "fome have a thicker and larger berry, the clusters being formed "into an orb, which is called co"rymbus. The felinitium has a "fmaller berry, and loofer chufter, "Some of them have their berries "black, and others of a faffron colour, which the Poets ufe in their crowns. The leaves of it are "not fo black, and it is called by "fome Dionyfia, and by others "Bacchica, and has the largest corymbi of any of the black forts. *Some of the Greeks make two kinds of this alfo, from the co*lour of the berries, the erythra * num, and the chryfocarpum. But the belix is very diftinguishable, being very different in the form of it's leaves. They are fmall and angular, and more neat; "whereas thofe of the other. forts. are plain. It differs alfo in the length of the internodia, but chiefly in it's barrenness; for it bears no fruit. Some do not "think it's difference to be fpeci" amongst the leaves, and girts a ་ fical, but owing only to it's age; and affirm that what at first is a "belix grows afterwards to an ivy. whiter than others. The green "grows chiefly into length. The "white deftroys trees, and by depriving them of all their juice "increafes fo much in thickness as "to become a tree itfelf. The 60% figns of it's beginning to bear "fruit, are the fize and breadth of "it's leaves, and the standing up "of it's fhoots, which otherwife "are bending: and though all forts "of ivy ftrike roots from their branches; yet in this fort they are most branched and strong. "The black comes next to it. But "this is peculiar to the white, that "it fends forth branches from "tree quite round, which it does "alfo upon walls, though it can"not encompass them. Hence, if Ga 66 it I bave not yet put my lips, to Necdum illis labra admovi, fed condita fervo. them, but keep them laid up. NOTES. "it is cut off in feveral places, it "ftill continues to live, and has as "many ftrikings of roots as it has "branches, by which it preferves "itfelf, and fucks and strangles the "trees upon which it grows. There ❝is alfo a difference in the fruit of "the white and black ivy; for in "fome the berries are fo bitter, that "no bird will touch them. There "is alfo an upright ivy, which ftands without any fupport; and is therefore peculiarly called "ciffos; whereas the chamaeciffos "always creeps on the ground." The learned reader will compare this paffage of Pliny with what Theophraftus has faid in the eigh. teenth chapter of the third book of his Hiftory of Plants. It is plain, that these ancient writers defcribe a fort of ivy with a white fruit as well known to them; but I cannot find that any of the Moderns are ac quainted with it. The white ivy was efteemed more, beautiful than the common fort, as appears from the following verfe in the feventh Eclogue; 1 the life of Lyfander, as admiral of the Athenian navy. He was furprized by the Peloponnefiáns under the command of Lyfander, who deftroyed his fhips, Conon himself efcaping with only eight veffels to Euagoras king of Cyprus. Others, with more probability, think the Conon under confideration to have been a mathematician, and the friend, or as fome fay, the mafter, of the famous Archimedes, who fpeaks of having fent fome theorems to him, at the beginning of his book wep NW; Tv WOT! περὶ ἕλικων ποτί Κώνονα αποσαλέντων θεωρημάτων, σε Candidior cycnis, hedera formo- Κώνων μὲν ουκ ἰκανὸν λαβὸν ἐς τὰν " fior alba." μάστευσιν αυτῶν χρόνον, μετάλλαξεν τὸν βίον, καὶ ἄδηλα ἐποίησεν, καὶ ταῦτα πάνα ευρῶν, καὶ ἄλλα πολλά ἐξευρών, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖον, προάγαγεν τὴν γεω μετρίαν. Ἐπιστάμεθα γὰρ ὑπάρξα σαν αυτῳ σύνεσιν ου των τυχούσαν περὶ τὸ μάθημα, καὶ φιλοπονίαν ὑπερβάλλουσαν. Μετὰ δὲ τῶν Κώνωνος τελευτῶν πολλῶν ἐτέων ἐπιγεγενημένων, 23 ἀνδ DAM. Et nobis idem Alcimedon duo pocula fecit, 2 . NOTES. ἐνδ ̓ ὑφ ̓ ἑνὸς οὐδὲν τῶν προβλημάτων. αισθανόμεθα κεκινημένον βούλομαι δὲ καθ ̓ ἐν ἕκαστον αὐτῶν προσενέγκασθαι. At the beginning allo of his Τετρα γωνισμός Παραβολῆς, he fpeaks of him as an intimate friend of himfelf and of Dofitheus, and calls him an excellent geometrician, and wonder/ul mathematician : 'Ακούσας Κώ γωνα μὲν τελευτηκέναι, ὃς ἦν ἔτι λείπων Η φιλίᾳ, τινὰ δὲ Κώνωνος γνώριμον γεγενήσθαι, καὶ γεωμετρίας οἰκεῖον εἶμεν, τοῦ μὲν τετελευτηκότος εἵνεκεν ἐλυπήθημεν, ὡς καὶ φίλου τοῦ ἀνδρὸς γενομένου, καὶ ἐν τοῖς μαθήμασι θαυ μασού τινὸς. This Conon is allo celebrated by Catullus, in his Epigram on the conftellation of Berenice's hair, as a famous aftronomer; .... DAM. And the fame Alcis medon has made two cups for me, The four laft lines are taken from two of Callimachus, which are preferved by Theon in his comment on Aratus. This learned Commentator informs us, that Conon conftituted this conftellation, to compliment Ptolemy king of Egypt Οι δ ̓ ἦλακάτην αυτοὺς λέγουσι, Κόνων δὲ ὁ μαθηματικὸς Πτολεμαίῳ χαριζό μενος Βερονίκης πλόκαμον ἐξ αὐτῶν κατησθέρισε· τοῦτο καὶ Καλλίμαχος πού φησιν Ἡ δὲ Κώνων μ ̓ ἔβλεψεν ἐν ἠέρι τὸν Βερονίκης Βόστρυχον ὅν κοινη πᾶσιν ἔθηκε θεοῖς. Et quis fuit alter, &c.] This is a true example of paftoral fimplicity; for the fhepherd is not here guilty of a blunder, which fome Commentators propofe as an instance of it in other places: but he forgets the name of the other mathematician, and defcribes him by his works. But the Commentators are as much at a lofs for his name as the fhepherd. Hardly any perfon noted for knowledge in aftronomy has wanted a patron, to place his image on this poetical cup. Servius thinks it was either Aratus, Ptolemy, or Eudoxus. La Cerda mentions befides thefe, G 3 Hefiod, |