law maintained throughout Japan, nor with the first impressions of later writers as to the universal respect for the canine race."

Sir Rutherford thus describes some of the "fancy" dogs in Japan:-"And first, I am to find a pair of well-bred Japanese dogs, with eyes like saucers, no nose, the tongue hanging out at the side, too large for the mouth, and white and tan if possible, and two years old.' My dogs are chosen, a species of Charles the Second spaniel intensified;—and, by the bye, there is so much genuine likeness that I think it probable the merry monarch was indebted to his marriage with a Portuguese princess for the original race of spaniels, as well as her dower of Bombay."

The succeeding anecdote speaks very strongly in favour of the kindly feelings of the Japanese. With all our oft-boasted civilization it is less than probable that any countryman of the far East would experience equal sympathy with similar emotions in our own land, and find—

"One touch of Nature makes the whole world kin."

"And here I set up my flag, determined to try the sanitary effects of rest, sea-air, and the mineral springs of Atami.

"The life we led in this secluded watering-place was one of little variety-the arrival of a courier, and the death of a favourite Scotch terrier, my constant and faithful companion, were the only events. One must have led the isolated life of a Foreign Minister in Japan to realise the blank which the loss even of an attached dog creates.

"So much of disinterested affection and trust had passed out of the world, and more of companionship than those

who have never been much alone can well understand perhaps. Some of the best traits of the Japanese character came out very favourably on this occasion; Toby' had many good friends among my servants. My head betto, as soon as he heard of the death, came himself to put him in his basketshroud and under the sod.

"I asked the proprietor's leave to bury him in his pretty garden under the shade of a tree, and he instantly came himself and helped to dig the grave. A group of assistants of all ranks gathered round with mournful faces, as though one of their own kind had passed away. He was folded up in a mat, some of the beans he was so fond of were put in the grave with him, and a branch of evergreens inserted at the head, which was scrupulously laid to the north. The priest of the temple brought water and incense sticks to burn, and then a rough tombstone to mark the spot was laid on his grave. They are really a kindly people when not perverted by their rulers and prompted to hostility. When I proposed to send a tablet, my host was equally ready, and assured me it should be carefully placed over the head. I had begun to forget I was in Japan, so much good-will was shown, and so few difficulties made even to the gratification of a whim. But, in one sense, I reckoned without my true hosts-the Government officials. I cannot stop to tell how much trouble the luckless tablet entailed upon me before it actually reached its destination. Well might I write on his tombstone 'Poor Toby' for it had been hard work to preserve him, where he died, from total oblivion."

Dogs abound in Japan. The earthquakes, so frequent,

appear to cause them much alarm, they tremble violently during the shocks; but it does not seem that they quit a town previous to the convulsion, as the dogs did at Concepcion in South America in 1835.

IT

CHAPTER XXII.

T is asserted that the Andaman Islanders have no dogs, or any religion or idea of a God. Be this as it may, it does not hold good with their neighbours of the Nicobar Islands. Colonel Walter Campbell, in his recent and interesting work, My Indian Journal,' thus writes:-"We saw several dogs in the village, and a goodly stock of domestic poultry; all these animals, as well as the pigs, appear to feed almost exclusively upon cocoa-nuts, which the natives cut in two and leave about for their use. The dogs are of a reddish-brown colour, with a smooth skin and upright ears, not unlike the common pariah dog of India, but rather smaller: they appear to be very gentle, good-tempered animals. It was amusing to watch the neat and ingenious manner in which they managed to scoop out the contents of a cocoa-nut with the teeth of the lower jaw, cleaning out the shell as effectually as if it had been done with a spoon. They also display considerable dexterity in ascending and descending the ladders leading to the upper part of the huts, running up and down with as much ease as if they had been flights of steps."

India in ancient times was famous for its dogs. Many mastiffs are ably sculptured on the Nineveh bas-reliefs. Herodotus says of the Governor of Babylon, "He kept, too, such a number of Indian dogs, that four considerable towns in the

plain were exempted from all other taxes, and appointed to find food for the dogs."

Xenophon recommends them for the chase of fawns, stags, and wild-boars: he describes them as swift, strong, large, enduring, and not deficient in courage.

Curtius also tells of an Indian prince who showed a combat between four dogs and a fine lion to Alexander the Great, and how one of the dogs suffered himself to be cut to pieces without relinquishing his hold. This breed, he states, were great enemies to lions, and left off barking on seeing a wild beast.

One of the most reliable and meritorious books yet written concerning the Field Sports of India,' thus describes the wild dogs:-"The wild dog, or Dhole, as he is called, is not common. I have only twice found them, and both times in the Chandah District of Nagpore. Once, after I had been shooting wild duck at a large tank, in a very dense jungle, I left for the purpose of waiting for large game at drinking time in the evening at another tank. Just as I came to it, I saw some eight wild dogs, who had that moment run into and killed a large wild sow. One had his muzzle in the entrails of the hog, and I hit him with a rifle-ball at above ninety yards off. I followed up and got another very long shot, and eventually lost the wounded dog in the thick jungle. I shot and bagged one last year in the same district: he was a pup. These two packs differed very much from each other, though found not above sixty miles apart, and in the same districtthe first in the month of March, the second in the month of May. The first were long, very lean, almost red dogs,

1 The Wild Sports of India. By Captain Shakespear, 1860.