The Stuff of Literature: Physical Aspects of Texts and Their Relation to Literary MeaningThe total meaning of a work of literature derives not only from what the words mean, but from what the text looks like. This stuff of literature, graphic substance or the physical raw material, is explored here in Levenston's comprehensive survey. Levenston discusses the main literary genres of poetry, drama, and fiction, and the extent to which they may be said to exist primarily in written or spoken form, or both. He then examines spelling, punctuation, typography, and layout, the four graphic aspects of a text which an author can manipulate for additional meanings. Also explored are the problems raised for translators by graphically unusual texts--and by the possibility of producing graphically unusual translations--and some of the solutions that have been found. A wealth of examples and analysis is offered, including poetry from Chaucer to Robert Graves and e. e. cummings; fiction such as Tristram Shandy, Ulysses and Finnegans Wake; works from Samuel Richardson to Ronald Sukenik; drama from Aristophanes to Bernard Shaw, and Shakespeare. Attention is also paid to graphic contributions in other literary traditions, from the Hebrew of the book of Psalms to Guillaume Apollinaires's "Calligrammes". |
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Contents
Typography | 5 |
Literature and the Media of Language | 9 |
Spelling | 33 |
Punctuation | 63 |
Layout | 107 |
Concrete Poetry | 123 |
Translation | 129 |
Graphic Devices in the Source Text | 140 |
Appendix | 147 |
Test Results | 154 |
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The Stuff of Literature: Physical Aspects of Texts and Their Relation to ... E. A. Levenston No preview available - 1992 |
Common terms and phrases
acrostic alternative ambiguity Anthology Anthony Burgess archaic spelling archaism ballad beginning capitals Catullus century chapter comma concrete poetry context conventional Cummings's D. H. Lawrence deviant spelling deviation devices dialect continuum distinction drama E. E. Cummings edition emblem English equal status example eye dialect eye rhyme fiction final Finnegans Wake foregrounding French full stop function genre grammatical graphic graphicology interlanguage intonation italics James Joyce Joyce Joyce's language layout letters lexical linguistic literary texts literature lyric mark meaning medium modern narrative normal norms nouns novel Ogden Nash oral passages pattern phonological play poet poet's poetic precise printed pronunciation prose punctuation quotation quoted read aloud reader represent rhyme Robert Graves semantic semicolon sentence shaped poem sound speakers speech and writing standard stanza story stress suggest syllables term thou tion translation Tristram Shandy typographical Ulysses utterance verse voice vowel words written text