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intimating" that nothing is too little for a and the appended documents. The friends great man."-(Lardner's Cyclop.)

PRUSSIA.

There are no poor rates in Berlin; but large and increasing sums are annually expended by private benevolence: amounting it is said, in 1827, to 35,9947. and in 1829 to 60,000.

TURKEY.

The Sultan, it seems, is sitting for his picture to a European artist, to the consternation of his whole court. Thus innovation is rapidly finding its way even into Turkey.

UNITED STATES.

Proposals have been lately issued for a re-publication of the Christian Observer in Boston, where a monthly reprint com. menced seventeen years ago, and was continued till two years since, when it was suspended; but not, it is stated, "for want of efficient patronage,-for, on the contrary, the work was well patronized, and the abandonment was to many a source of disappointment and sincere regret." The edition in New York, we are informed, had injured the Boston edition; it not being to be expected that two reprints could be advantageously continued: besides which, literary institutions, persons connected with the religious societies, and private subscribers, prefer the London copies for the sake of an earlier supply, and for the information on the cover

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of the projected new edition are pleased to state, that "the Christian Observer has become increasingly known in America, and has risen in public opinion in proportion as it has become so;"" having been sustained," they add, " by a weight of talent rarely equalled;" "which talent," they continue, was never more conspicuously exerted than at the present moment. The work, they are pleased to assert, "every where breathes a truly catholic and assuasive spirit ; so that even controversy, where it partakes of a controversial character, has been so managed as rather to convince and conciliate, than to excite animosity and feelings of anger; and it has exerted a happy influence in softening the asperities, and allaying the intolerance of opposing sectarians." Affixed to this circular is a recommendation from Dr. Milner, the rector of St. George's New York, the laudatory allusions in which we may the better pardon since he has been pleased to spread them over "the general range of our numerous gifted associates." We are always gratified at the cordiality with which our pages have been received in America; but we shall feel better pleased to find that our transatlantic friends have now so many valuable publications of their own that they can readily dispense with a reprint of them.

LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

Sermons preached before the University of Cambridge. By the Rev. R. W. Evans. 5s. 6d.

The Christian Expositor. By the Rev. G. Holden. 10s. 6d.

Sermons by the Rev. A. Irvine. 8s. 6d. Six Lectures on Liberality and Expediency. By the Rev. J. Grant 5s.

Christian Friendship on Earth perpetuated in Heaven. By C. R. Muston.6s. 6d. The Arguments for Predestination and Necessity contrasted with philosophical Enquiry, in two Sermons. By R. H. Graves, D.D.

A Visitation Sermon. By the Rev. J. Gibson.

"The Law of the Sabbath," a Sermon. By the Rev. H. Smith. 1s. 6d.

"The Difficulties of Romanism. Second Edition, remoulded. By the Rev. G. S. Faber. 16s.

Sermons by the Rev. H. Moore; with a Memoir. 5s.

"The Practical Power of Faith." Sermons, by the Rev. T. Binney. 10s. 6d. Scripture Novelties. By the Rev. E. Craig. 6d.

"Reasons why I am a Member of the Bible Society." By J. Foynder.

The Layman's Sermon on Slavery. By S. Roberts.

An Appeal to the Clergy on Behalf of the Bible Society. By the Hon. and Rev. L. Powys. 1s. 6d.

The Book of the Priesthood. By T. Stratten. 8s.

Robt. Montgomery and his Reviewers. By E. Clarkson. 3s.

Sacred Geography and History. By W. Pinnock.

English Prisoners in France. By the Rev. R. B. Wolfe. 7s.

"The Appeal; " A Poem. By S. Bromley.

Questions on St. Matthew, St. Luke, and the Acts. By the Rev. R. Wilson. 10s. 6d.

The Devotional Testament, intended as a Help for the Closet, and for domestic Worship. By the Rev. R. Marks.

A Series of Church-of-England Divines. No. I-Works of Bishop Sherlock. Vol. 1. 7s. 6d. To be continued monthly.

RELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE.

POPERY IN AMERICA. THE American journals state, that a new supply of Roman-Catholic priests from Europe is preparing to enter the valley of the Mississippi; and that the kingof Bavaria, a Roman Catholic, has become the head of an association to diffuse the religion of Rome in America, and that Vienna and Roman-Catholic France unite in the pro

ject.

AMERICAN BOARD OF MISSIONS.

The American Board of Missions was incorporated in the year 1812. The receipts during last year, were 106,928 dollars; the expenditure, 92,533. The expenses of the printing establishment at Malta, are paid from a fund specially devoted to that object. The number of copies of works circulated, gratuitously or by sale, during the last year, is very large.

The society has,-stations, forty-four; Ordained Missionaries, forty-six; Licensed Preachers and Catechists, eight; Missionary Assistants, one hundred and seventyone; Native Assistants, forty-one. Besides these, there are native teachers of free schools in Bombay, Ceylon, and the Sandwich Islands. The society's members in India, Western Asia, the Sandwich Islands, among the North-American Indians, Native Communicants, Learners in the Schools, fifty-one thousand five hundred seventy-nine.

Printing presses in Bombay, Ceylon, Malta, Sandwich Islands, seven, in readiness for printing, in nine different languages. The whole amount printed during the past year is seven millions of pages; making the whole amount printed since the establishment, twenty-seven millions of pages.

OBITUARY.

ADMIRAL SIR C. PENROSE. Tothe Editorofthe Christian Observer. THE following account of one who was a constant reader and admirer of the Christian Observer, and who occasionally contributed to its pages, is subinitted to the editor for insertion.

But

Among the communications with which Admiral Penrose favoured us, were some useful suggestions and exhortations respecting the popular circulation and study of the Scriptures, both on shore and at sea, for which he had long been a zealous advocate, both by his personal efforts and anonymously in print. his chief communications with us were on the moral and religious state of the navy, a subject in which he was deeply interested; and on some points connected with which, where landsmen, we presumed, might venture to intrude, we came into a friendly collision with him in our volume for 1825. We notice the circumstance for the sake of copying the following passage from our reply to his observations, because it contains a testimony to the Christian spirit in which he had received our remarks upon his pamphlet. If important controversies were always thus conducted, and why should they not be always thus conducted by Christians?how blessed, instead of galling and irritating, would be their effect?

"We most readily insert the following candid and conciliating remarks of Admiral Sir C. Penrose, in reply to some passages in our review of his pamphlet in our last Number. Most honourable would it be

The late Sir Charles Vinicombe Penrose, K C. B. Vice Admiral of the White, was, born at the Vicarage of St. Gluvins, in Cornwall, in June 1759. He was the youngest son of the Rev. John Penrose, who long performed the office of pastor of that parish, in a manner which renders his memory still blessed there; for he was a man whose unwearied assiduity in doing good, both within and without the walls of his church, whose warm affection towards his family, good sense and playful cheerfulness, fully justify the eulogium on him expressed so well by Hannah More, in the epitaph engraved on his monument:

to individuals, and most beneficial to society, if all discussions which involve difference of opinion were conducted with the truly Christian courtesy and ingeniousness which characterize the communication of the worthy and venerable writer. We do not think that his reply affects the substance of our argument; but, as it may lead to useful elucidation, while it does honour to the writer, we record it in our pages, with the addition of a few running notes, leaving the general balance between the gallant Admiral and ourselves to be adjusted by our readers. We must not, however, fail to add our best thanks for the obliging manner in which he is pleased to speak of our labours, and for the several documents with which he has favoured us, and which abundantly prove how long and zealously the writer has exerted himself for the promotion of education, Christian morals, and the circulation of the sacred Scriptures among our seamen."

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Their wants still nobly watchful to supply, He taught the last best lesson-how to die."

Often while treading the slippery paths of youth, and passing through the various trials of the world, did the subject of this narrative reflect with comfort on the prayers offered up for him by his excellent parents. His temperament was remarkably ardent and lively. He early chose the life of a sailor for his profession, and was educated for it at the Naval Academy at Portsmouth. Every study connected with the service, became his pleasure, and he always continued warmly attached to it; spending a great part of his life in its active duties, and when on shore being never long with out giving the powers of his mind and his ready pen towards endeavours to improve its science. for the comfort and moral character of the seamen. He was greatly respected and loved in the service, and he always preserved among his most valued papers, two letters which he received from the crew of the Cleopatra, when obliged, from ill health, to give up the command of that ship, after bringing them in safety through the dangers of the mutiny at the Nore, in the very midst of which they were placed They express their gratitude for the "cautious authority with which he had acted towards them, and hope he will excuse the freedom of their expressions, because “love will make free." Most of his time was passed at sea till the peace of Amiens. When war again broke out, his health was not restored from the effects of a stroke of the sun in the West Indies, but he accepted the command of the Sea Fencibles on the north coast of Cornwall, and this not being incompatible with home leisure, he took a piece of waste ground adjoining his residence at Ethy, in the same county, and made it his delight to bring it into cultivation; at the same time forming, and, so far as his limited means extended, executing plans for the improvement of the cottages of labourers.

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Having recovered his health, he was appointed, in 1810, Commodore at Gibraltar, and on his return, in 1813, a Commissioner of Naval Revision. While thus employed, he was promoted to the list of Admirals, and immediately named as naval coadjutor with Lord Wellington on the coasts of Spain and France. He had no

sooner struck his flag on the conclusion of peace in 1814, than he hoisted it again on taking the naval command in the Mediterranean, where his clear head, sound sense, and suavity of manners rendered him very fit for what was then the scene of much delicate diplomacy. Both here and at Gibraltar, he gained the warmest tributes of gratitude from the mercantile service; and he received the order of St. Ferdinand from the king of Naples, and those of the Bath and St. Michael and St. George, from his own sovereign.

From the period of his return in 1819, his life was spent in the bosom of his family; and as he had before seemed fitted exactly to fill the sphere of active life, so he now appeared born to adorn a retired station, giving up the society in which he was so calculated to shine, that he might devote himself to affectionate attendance on a beloved daughter, who, after lingering eighteen months in consumption, expired in his arms, in that peace which passeth understanding; and to cheer and support the declining years of his wife. And as he had in his public career guided his steps by the true principles of Christianity, so now more and more he bent his way heavenward. He was the kind friend of all around him; the peacemaker in his neighbourhood;-taking constantly more interest, and a more active part in the religious and benevolent societies of the times; and employing his retired hours in studying the word of life, from which he always came with delight, informing his family how its richness opened on him, and forming from it a numerous collection of lectures for the instruction of his household. Thus was he, by the mercy of his heavenly Father, prepared for his sudden call from mortal life.

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In Sept. 1829 he lost an only brother, the Rev. John Penrose, Rector of Fledbro' in Notts, from paralysis;-one who, in his family and pastoral duties and affections, followed the steps of his father; and who from his youth had eminently exemplified that pure and undefiled religion," which teaches "to visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the world." He was arrested by the hand of death in his office, as he rose in his accustomed place to commence the service of the church-received the warning with resignation to the Divine will, and closed a life of exemplary piety with the humble prayer, "God be merciful to me, a sinner, for Christ's sake!"

While mourning this loss, the subject of this memoir, who, though old in years, appeared in the vigour of life, little anticipated the nearness of his own similar end. On the Christmas day of last year, he read an appropriate discourse to his family assembled in the evening, and afterwards sang a suitable hymn or sacred carol for the festival. On the night of the

26th, he was seized by a stroke of palsy. Recovering from the fit, he was instantly aware of his situation, and how were the hearts of his alarmed family rejoiced in the midst of their affliction, by hearing him exclaim, "I love God-I love Jesus -I am not afraid to die-This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners;" which was the text he had read the day before. For two days his speech continued, nor was his intellect the least disturbed. His worldly affairs were all in order, and he spent his time in affectionate expressions towards his fa mily and friends,-exhortations to Christian peace wherever he thought they would be useful, and words of thankfulness and resignation towards his God and Saviour. The general tenor of these may be inferred from the expressions just quoted. He fell asleep--and early in the new year he awoke, it is humbly, yet confidently trusted, through the infinite mercies of his Redeemer, to a purer and better, and heavenly existence. His remains were laid in St. Winnow churchyard, attended by a concourse of real mourners, who lamented at once the public and the private loss. Amongst the many tributes to his worth, which soothed the feelings of his bereaved family, I ven. ture to give the following extracts, one from the pastor of his parish, the other from a neighbouring clergyman.

"The loss to me is irreparable. Yet, after thirty years past in strict friendship, and the utmost harmony, what ought I to ask for more? Who has had so great a blessing as I have had? Putting friendship out of the question, what clergyman has had such a neighbour and coadjutor for so long a time in his parish? God be praised and blessed for the past, and his holy will be done!"-The other extract is from the Secretary of a branch Society for promoting Christian Knowledge. "The pecuniary aid is the least part of the loss inflicted on us by the stroke which deprived us of your excellent and revered father. It was his support and countenance, as a Christian not ashamed to manifest to his fellow-Christians and to the world, his stedfastness in seeking better things than this world has to give, that we valued the most."

On the Sunday after his decease, an unexpected tribute to his memory formed the conclusion of the sermon of another clergyman of the neighbourhood on Acts xxiv. 16; and it is so true a character, that the writer of this account, feeling how inadequately she has herself performed her wish to pourtray it, requested permission to insert it here-a permission thus kindly given. "It is very gratifying to me to find that the unpremeditated effusion of my own heart so readily found its way to the hearts of those who best knew, admired, and loved the object which even now continually presents itself to my mind as

a model of every thing that was manly and gentle, pious, benevolent, and honourable."-The passage from the sermon is as follows:

"There are certain occasions and certain seasons when conscience seems more peculiarly and solemnly to require her account to be examined and settled. At the close of a year which is gone with its memorial of all we have done, and all we have omitted to do, with all our faults and all our sins, to heaven, conscience speaks to our hearts in a language that will be heard. It warns, it arouses, it alarms our slumbering attentions, by pointing to those spectacles of mortality which ought to shew us who and what we are; in the midst of life, liable in a moment to receive the summons of death, and to be called to our account when we may be least prepared for it. How unexpectedly has one of the shining lights of this county been, within a few days, extinguished! Extinguished, did I say? Let me rather say, removed by his beneficent Creator to shine with a brighter and steadier lustre in the kingdom of his Father and his God. He, at least, seems systematically and effectually to have exercised himself to have always a conscience void of offence towards God and towards man.' His public and professional services, distinguished as he was for his nautical skill and perseverance, for his wisdom in council and his courage on the deck, a minister of the Gospel may well leave to the records of his country, which they will for ages adorn. To his private virtues he may, however, be permitted to allude for our own edification and example. He was in his own family a model of affection, and of the tenderest and most delicate attentions to the attached and happy circle around him. In his more general benevolence to his fellowcreatures, who more prompt, and zealous, and active? And in whom could the friends of freedom and humanity have lost a more willing and powerful coadjutor? In his practical piety, who more steady, and firm, and well principled? In his devotional piety, more serious, and rational, and exemplary? His was the piety, not of mere profession, but of a devout and holy life, and in him the church has lost one of its most zealous and disinterested supporters. With a conscience thus void of offence towards God and towards man, he could meet death with a well-grounded hope that the merits and atonement of his Saviour would effectually be pleaded in his behalf, and he could calmly fall

• This being an extract, we are not at liberty to alter it; but we could wish it had been otherwise expressed; as it might seem to intimate that the deceased, in some degree, made his own goodness a foundation of hope of acceptance with God, at least "grounded on the merits

asleep in the arms of everlasting mercy, to awaken, when the day-spring from on high shall have for ever dispelled the night shades of the tomb, to the forgiveness and the happiness of a better world, and to a more intimate communion with the Saviour in whom he trusted; with the Sanctifier, whose Spirit seems to have

shed its graces and its virtues, its purity and holiness in his heart, and with that Heavenly Father whom he endeavoured zealously to serve and obey, by exercising himself, through watchfulness and prayer, to have always a conscience void of offence towards God and towards men."

VIEW OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS.

FRANCE. The expedition to Algiers has sailed, and the troops have already landed in Africa, a few miles from the scene of action.

GREECE. The affairs of Greece are still unsettled. The Greeks are much displeased with the contraction of their boundaries by the allies; and Prince Leopold has declined undertaking the proposed sovereignty, subject to the existing sources of dissatisfaction.

DOMESTIC.-His most gracious Majesty has at length been released from his pro

and atonement of his Saviour;" and even that he had actually obtained, what the Apostle could only say that he "exercised himself to obtain," and what no human being has truly or meritoriously obtained, so as to make it a basis for his immortal hopes. The Admiral's own dying lan guage was very different: "I love God; I love Jesus; I am not afraid to die." And why?-not on the ground of personal merit; not because he had "a conscience void of offence towards God and towards men;" but on a better, a solid, an immutable foundation, as a penitent reposing by faith in a crucified Saviour; upon that "faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners." His reverend friend will, we trust, thank us for thus guarding his words against any possible misconception. In one of his tracts, written some years since, anonymous, but with his autograph as the author in our copyhis "short address to the unlearned, on the advantage of possessing the Holy Scriptures, and the best use to be made of that possession, intended and hoped to be drawn up in unity of design with the wishes of the Bible Society," he remarks, "I have heard that some men say, that they allow the historical truths of Holy Writ, without deducing from its contents that blessed faith in a Redeemer,and that deep conviction of his high consequence, which forms the Christian's dearest,and,in truth,only hope. I am at a loss to credit what seems to me such a complete perversion of understanding; for, from the first promise made to Adam, down to the latest prophecy relative to our Saviour, there is such a

tracted sufferings, and entered that eternal world where human distinctions for ever cease, and where to have lived and died in the faith and hope of a humble follower of Jesus Christ, will be found the only true wisdom, and the blessed prelude to everlasting felicity. As the affecting event has taken place after this sheet was prepared for press (June 26), we can only, for the present, simply record it, without those observations which, both as Christian Observers and as faithful and loyal subjects, we should have wished to add

complete and connected series of description, that he that runs may rend.......İn the Old Testament, you will observe in the practice of sacrifices that an atonement for sin was always deemed requisite; and it is wonderful to find that the same practice prevails among the most ignorant and barbarous nations, however distant asunder; and with them it will continue till, at the appointed time, the great atonement made by the sacrifice of the death of Christ, will be known to all mankind." He concludes the pamphlet with some stanzas of Dr. Watts's, among which are the two following:

"Lord, make me understand thy law;
Shew what my faults have been;
And from thy Gospel let me draw
Pardon for all my sin.

Here would I learn how Christ has died,
To save my soul from hell;
Not all the books on earth beside
Such heavenly wonders tell."

He expresses strongly throughout this pamphlet, his high veneration for the Bible Society. By means, he remarks of "that truly benevolent and charitable institution, Great Britain has the honour of being the fountain from which truth is made to flow over all lands, and if human pride would ever be proper, I know of no greater national cause for exultation than this. Never since the world was created, has there emanated to all parts of it, such a common tie; a league wherein all interests are consulted and promoted, and which indeed tends to perpetual peace and amity; a peace which passes all understanding, and which time itself can

never sever.

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