chievous of all the carnassiers known in our countries. It is found from Egypt as far as Lapland, and appears to have passed into America. In northern regions its fur becomes white in the winter season. It attacks all our animals, but yet by no means displays courage in proportion to its strength. It often preys on carrion. Its habits and physical development have many close relations with those of the dog.

The Black Wolf. (Canis Lycaon, L.) Buff. IX. XLI.

Inhabits also in Europe, and is found even in France, but very rarely*. Its fur is of a deep and uniform black. It is said to be more ferocious than the common wolf.

The Red Wolf. (Canis Mexicanus, Lin.) Agoura-Gouazou of Azzara.

Of a fine cinnamon red, with a short black mane along the entire spine. Found in the marshes of all the hot and temperate regions of America. The Jackal, or Golden Wolf. (Canis Aureus, Lin.) Schreb. XCIV.

Somewhat less than the three preceding; grayish brown, the thighs and legs of a clear fawn-colour; some red upon the ear. It inhabits in troops a great part of Asia and Africa, from India and the environs of the Caspian Sea

I have seen four individuals taken or killed in France. It must not be confounded with the Black Fox, with whose synonymes Gmelin has mixed it up.

as far as Guinea. It is a voracious animal, which hunts after the manner of a dog, and seems to resemble him more nearly than any other wild species in conformation and facility of being tamed.

The FOXES may be distinguished from the wolves and dogs by a longer and more tufted tail, by a more pointed muzzle, by pupils calculated for nocturnal vision, and by upper incisives less sloping. They diffuse a fetid odour, dig themselves burrows, and only attack weak animals. This sub-genus is more numerous than the preceding.

The common Fox. (Canis Vulpes, L.) Buff. VII. vi

More or less red, the end of the tail white.
Is spread over most climates from Sweden even
to Egypt. Those of the north are distinguished
only by a more brilliant fur. We observe no
constant difference between those of the Old
Continent and those of North America. The
Coal Fox (Canis Alopex) Schreb. XCI., which
has the end of the tail black, and is found in the
same countries as the common, and The Cross
Fox (id. XCI. A.), which is distinguished only
by a streak of black along the spine and over
the shoulders, are probably but varieties of the
common fox.
But the following species are
very distinct..

The Baron seems to conclude that elongated pupils are adapted for nocturnal habits, a conclusion which we have elsewhere ventured to think unfounded.-ED.

The Corsac, or Small Yellow Fox, (Canis Corsac, Gm.) Buff. Supp. III. xvI., under the name Adive.

Of a pale yellowish gray, some blackish waves on the base of the tail. The end of the tail black, and the jaw white. Common in the vast heaths of Central Asia, from the Volga to the East Indies ; possesses the habits of the common fox, and never drinks.

The Tri-coloured Fox of America, (Canis Cinereo-argenteus.) Schreb. XCII. A.

Ash-coloured above, white beneath, a band of cinnamon red along the flanks. Habitat, all the hot and temperate climates of the two Americas.

The Silvery or Black Fox*.

Black, but the ends of the hairs are white, except on the ears, shoulders, and tail, where they are purely black. The tip of the tail is altogether white. From North America. Its fur is one of the finest and most highly prized.

The Blue Fox, or Isatis, (Canis Lagopus), Schreb. XCIII.

Deep ashen colour; the under part of the toes furnished with hairs. It is often white in winter. From the north of Siberia. Likewise

very much esteemed for the fur.

Gmelin has confounded this with the black wolf, under the

name of Canis Lycaon.

The Cape Fox, (Canis Mesomelas,)* Schreb. XCV.

Yellow on the flanks, the middle of the back black, mixed with white, and finishing in a point at the end t.

The CIVETS (Viverra),

Have three false molars above and four below, the anterior of which occasionally drop out; two tuberculous teeth, tolerably large above, one only below, and two projecting tubercles on the internal side of the lower carnivorous tooth in front, the rest of this tooth being more or less tuberculous. The tongue is covered with sharp and rough papillæ. Their claws are partly straightened as they walk, and near the anus is a pouch more or less deep, where an unctuous and odoriferous matter exudes from peculiar glands.

They are divided into four sub-genera:

The CIVETS, properly so called, (Viverra, Cuv.)

In which the deep pouch situated between the anus and the organ of generation, and divided into two

* Gmelin has confounded it with the Adive of Buffon, a factiuous species not differing from the Sachal.

+ The Fennec of Bruce, which Gmel. names Canis Cerdo, and Ilig. Megalotis, is too little known to be classified. It is a small animal of Africa, whose ears almost equal the whole body in size and which climbs trees. Neither the teeth nor toes have been described.

bags, is filled with an abundant unction, of a strongly-musked odour.

The Civet (Viverra Civetta, Lin.) Buff. IX. XXXIV.

Gray with brown or blackish spots, the tail brown, less than the body. Along the entire back and tail is a mane capable of elevation. This animal comes from the hottest parts of Africa,

The Zibeth, (Viverra Zibetha, Lin.) Buff. IX. xxxi. Gray, shaded with brown, long tail tinged with black.

The GENETS, (GENETTA, Cuv.)

In which the pouch is reduced to a slight hollow formed by the projection of the glands, and almost without any sensible excretion although there is a most manifest odour.

The Common Genet, (Viverra Genetta, Lin.) Buff. IX. xxxvI.

Gray, with small round black spots, and a tail
tinged with black. As large as a marten, and
still more slender.
Southern France as
Hope *.

Seems to inhabit from far as the Cape of Good

The Civet of Malacca of Sonnerat, the Genet of the Cape Buff., the Cape-Cat, Forster, the Bisaam-Cat of Vosmaer, of which Gmelin has made so many species, appea: culy coramon Genets. To this subdivision must be referred the radiated Pole-cat of India, Buff. Sup. VII. LVII. (Viv. fasciata, m.)