which forms the connecting link, "with its little documents," between the ages that are, and those that are gone; which gives immortality to a decayed nation, consecrates its ancient glory, and breathes a romantic charm over the soil and climate, the landscapes and scenery, which are associated with its history; so it is a love of the muses which refines the taste, cherishes genius, and inspires that literary enthusiasm which leads to scholastic eminence.

E. H. BARKERI AMENITATES CRITICE ET PHILOLOGICE.

PARS. III. [Continued from No. XXXII. p. 378.]

1. PROFESSOR Dunbar having, in the last No. of the Class. Journ. (L. 219.), recalled the attention of scholars to Dr. Blomfield's observations on adverbs ending in and 7, which appear in the Gloss. ad Esch. Pr. 208., and to his own remarks on those obss., which are in the 25th No. of the Class. Journ., I shall lay before both of them, and before the readers of this periodical work in general, the opinion of Professor Sturz, coutained in a tract, of which their learned author has kindly presented me with a copy, and which is perhaps unknown both to Professor Dunbar and to Dr. Blomfield :-"Quinque Orationes a totidem Scholæ Regiæ Discipulis A. D. xiv. Sept. A. C. 1814. habendas indicturus de Nonnullis Dionis Cassii Locis tertium disputavit M. Fr. Guil. Sturz, ill. Mold. Rector et Prof., Grimæ, ex Officina Goeschenia."

DE ADVV. DESINENTIBUS IN ET .

"Exponenda nonnulla existimo de adverbiis in ì et eì desinentibus, et ap. Dion. frequentissimis, quippe quorum terminationes nulli legi putantur aut subjectæ esse, aut subjiciendæ. Ita judicant Interpretes Pollucis vi, 162. ix, 10. 143. aliique, ut Alberti ad Hes. v.'Avarí. E recentissimis Grammaticis audiamus Ph. Butmanni sententiam, Griech. Grammatik p. 427. sq. Ed. 6. Berol. 1811, 8°.:

'Diese zwiefache Aussprache bestimmte der Wohlklang und vielleicht bei Dichtern das Metrum (da i auch kurz gebraucht

ganz

werden kann); in unsern Ausgaben die Handschriften oder die Menge der Beispiele, (Exempla multa habet Fischer. Specim. i, 74. 298. sq.) Diese bezeichnen einen mit der Handlung, welche den Satz ausdrückt, verbundenen Umstand. Die Verbalia insbesondere gehen aus auf Tí oder Tel, welche Endungen nach Art der Eudung auf rós angehängt werden, z. B. ὀνομαστὶ, ἐγρηγορτί, besonders in Zusammensetzung mit der Vereinung und andern Begriffen, z. Β. ἀγελαστί, ἀνιδρωτὶ, axnpuxtel. Die von Nominibus gebildeten haben blos oder el an der Stelle der Declinir Endung (so dass also das 7 zum Stamm gehört in exovrì, avatel.) Die meisten sind Composita, Ζ. Β. πανδημεί, αὐτονυχεί (von einer alten Flexion, νύξ, νυχός,) ἀμαχεί, αὐτοχειρί, νηποινί.

-

"Mihi vero, quod pace viri eruditissimi dixerim, hæc non probari fateor. Nam vera quidem sunt, quæ attulit, omnia, si nihil nisi quærimus, quid sit. Sed nullo modo mens et ratio humana ita temere, sine lege omni ac norma, in lingua formanda versari existimanda est, videndum potius, quas causas ea verisimiliter sit in quoque genere secuta. Quod igitur ad adverbia illa attinet, periculum facere animus est, num possint leges reperiri, ad quarum normam Græci alia adverbia in ì, alia in eì, alia utroque modo terminaverint. Scilicet quemadmodum adverbia in a vel exeuntia revera nihil sunt nisi ablativi, sive, ut vulgo vocantur, dativi, nominum, ut βίᾳ, κρύφα, λάθρα, δημοσίᾳ, πανοικεσία, πανστρατιᾷ, παῤῥησίᾳ, κομιδή, κρυφή, πεζῇ, σπουδῇ, σχολῇ : ita etiam, quæ in i vel el terminantur, ut ἀκοντὶ, ἀμυστὶ, (a nom. ἄμυστις,) ἔθελοντι, ἐκοντι, αὐτοετεὶ, ηρεμεί. In ei igitur exeunt, quæcunque originem debent nominibus in eo desinentibus, ut άfɛɛì a nom. θεῖον, aut iis, a quibus verba in dw et έω et εύω, vel adjectiva in ης descendunt, ut αὐτοβοεί (extat αὐτοβόητος), αὐτονυχεί (notum est ἐννυχεύω,) πανδημεί (habemus ἀποδημέω et similia,) πανομιλεί (quis ὁμιλέω nescit ?), τριστοιχεί (dicimus στοιχεώ,) αὐτοετεὶ, et ngeuel, qui, quod modo innui, proprie sunt dativi adjectivorum AUTOETS, et peμns, aut nominibus, quæ in syllaba ultima habent, ut auaxti (male igitur ap. Dion. p. 114. 40. in Cod. Mediceo antiquiori scriptum extat ἀμαχί,) ἀνατεὶ, ἀσπουδεὶ, πανσυδεί. Priora enim sunt a nominibus μάχη, ἄτη, σπουδή, ultimum a σύδην, qui revera est accusativus substantivi rúdy. In ì terminantur, quæ fiunt vel e dativis nominum tertiæ declinationis, ut avidpari, αὐτανδρί, αὐτοποδὶ, αὐτοχειρί, παμπαιδί, παγγυναικὶ, πανθοινὶ, vel e dativis nominum declinationis primæ, ut ἀμετρὶ pro ἀμετρία, avaitì (legitur hoc p. 164. 86. in Cod. Bavarico secundo, pro avarì, quod in varsi mutandum esse e superioribus liquet,) ἀπαρτὶ, cum significat Plene, pro απαρτίᾳ, πανστρατί ε πανστρα

τιᾷ, vel quæ derivantur ab ejusmodi nominibus, quæ in syllaba ultima, aut a verbis, quæ in penultima, i habent, ut ἀκονιτὶ, ἐγκονιτὶ, vel a nominibus in or terminatis, ut ἀδακρυτί, τετραποδητὶ, vel ab adjectivis in os exeuntibus, ut ἀκλαυτὶ, ἀκριτὶ, ἀμαχητί, ἀμεταστρεπτί, ἀναιμωτὶ (de quo v. Eustath. ad Il. P. 497.) ἀναπνευστί, ἀνωϊστὶ, ἀνωμοτὶ, ἀπνευστὶ, ἀπονητὶ, ἀσκαρδαμυκτί, ἀφρικτὶ, ἀψοφητί, νηποινὶ, vel ab adverbiis in ως desinentibus (de his et de iis, quæ proxime sequuntur, v. Draco Strat. de Metr. Poet. p. 37. et 96.) ut δημιωστὶ, ἱερωστὶ, μεγαλωστί, νεωστί, (nisi hoc est ab antiquo nom. νέως, cujus accusativus νέωτα superest. Ceterum Cod. Medic. Dionis p. 195. 90. male dat νεωστεί, vel a verbis, quæ in ίζω terminantur, ut Αἰγυπτιστὶ, ἀνδριστὶ, Αττικιστί, βαρβαριστί, βοϊστὶ, διαμελεῖστι, Δωριστὶ, δωροδοκιστί, Ελληνιστί, Θρᾳκιστί, Ινδιστι, Λυδιστὶ, Μαιωτιστὶ, Μακεδονιστὶ, Παρθιστὶ, Περσιστι, Ρωμαϊστί, Σκυθιστὶ, τετραποδιστὶ, Φρυγιστὶ, vel a verbis in άζω desinentibus, ut ἀγελαστί, ἀστακτὶ, (de hoc et præcedente v. Valck. ad Theocr. x. Idyll. p. 225. Ed. Lug. Β. 1810. 8. ubi reprobat άστακτεί non minus quam ἀγελαστεί, et Wyttenb. ad Plat. Phædon. 331.) ἀστενακτὶ, Ιαστὶ, ὀνομαστί. In universum et obiter hoc monere liceat, multas nominum formas nobis periisse, id quod e paucis vestigiis colligere possumus. Sic ἀλκὶ pro ἀλκῇ, λιτὶ pro λιτῷ, κλαδί pro κλάδῳ, ὑσμῖνι reperiuntur, quasi a nominativis άλξ, λὶς, κλὰς, ὑσμὶν, (omnino de talibus v. Fischer. 1. 1. Specim. ii, 182. sq. 186. sq.) Quid igitur impedit, quo minus αὐτανδρὶ et αὐτοποδὶ et similia statuamus revera esse antiquos dativos nominum αὐτανδρὶς et αὐτοποδὶς et reliquorum ? Ex omnibus autem, quæ diximus, satis, opinor, apparet, cur nonnulla utroque modo scribi possint, ut πανσυδεί a σύδη, et πανσυδί a πανσυδία vel πανσυδὶς, ἀκμητεὶ ab ἀκμητής, εἰ ἀκμητὶ ab ἄκμητος, πανθοινεὶ ἃ πανθοινέω, et πανθοινὶ α πανθοινία vel πανθοινὶς, et cur ἀκηρυκτὶ, ἀκλαυτί, ἀμισθί, αὐτοβοεὶ, rectius scribantur, quam ἀκηρυχτεί, (quare in Dionis Fragm. cxliii. extr. ἀκηρυκτὶ e Cod. Bavar. 1. recipiendum est,) ἀκλαυτεί, (quanquam enim Valck. 1. 1. in Callim. Η. in Dian. 267. άκλαυ τελ prafert, haud dubie quia metri ratio postulat, ut syllaba prima producatur, tamen hoc ejus judicium mihi displicet, tam propter analogiam, quam quia Draco l. 1. diserte dicit, a in ἀκλαυτὶ produci,) άμισθεὶ, (unde ap. Dion. p. 681. 61. pro άμισ θεί reponendum arbitror αμισθί, αὐτοβοεὶ, (p. 191, 47. et 298, 80. et sæpius Cod. Μedic. antiquior male dat αὐτοβο, sed αὐτοβοεὶ recte extat in permultis Dionis locis. Ducta enim illa tria sunt ab abjectivis ἀκήρυκτος, ἄκλαυτος, εἰ ἄμισθος, ultimum autem a ν. βοάω.” Hactenus Sturzius.

Insignis est nota Brunckii ad Apollon. R. 1, 1019.:

AUTOVUX, sic B. C. D. Cæs. etiam Medic. et Guelferb. In E. AUTOVUE primo scriptum fuerat, sed itidem correxit librarius. Hoc ex inutili circa metrum cautela natum. i produceretur in cæsura, si necessario breve esset in hac adverbiorum forma; sed et alibi longum occurrit, ut in Soph. Ed. Col. 1646. EúμΞύμ παντες· ἀστακτὶ δὲ σὺν ταῖς παρθένοις, Αj. 1227. Τλῆναι καθ ̓ ἡμῶν ὧδ ̓ ἀνοιμωκτὶ χανεῖν.” Idem ad 4, 1130. :—" Α. Ε. αὐτονυχεί. Vide notata ad 1, 1019. Ultima itidem producitur in avaiuwTi, 2, 986."

Addo notam viri eruditissimi mihique amicissimi, Hermanni, ad Soph. Aj. 1206. quem librum e dono editoris possideo:"Ald. et Codd. nonnulli avowxтeì, quod receperunt Lobeck. et Erfurdt. Brunckius ex aliis Codd. et Eustath. 723, 28. άvospwxri. Variæ de his adverbiis sententiæ sunt virorum doctorum, Hemsterhusii ad J. Poll. 9, 143. Valck. Adoniaz. p. 228. Spanh. Callim, ad H. in Dian. 65. Lobeck. et Elmsleii ad Soph. versum, Blomfield. Gloss. ad Esch. Pr. 216. Nondum tamen res ad liquidum perducta est. Illud quidem recte, opinor, statuemus, quæ a verbis fiant adverbia, in terminari, nunc breve, nunc longum. In his igitur est etiam ȧvouwxT), non illud ab ἀνοίμωκτος, sed ab οιμώζω deductum.”

The note of Lobeck is as follows:-"'Avointi legitur in duobus Codd. Brunckii et ap. Eust. 723. Vulgo ante Brunck. ἀνοιμωχτεί, ut ap. Suid. ̓Ανοιμωκτεί· ἀστενάκτως : sed in prioribus Edd. avoparì legitur, ut ap. Zonar. 1, 226. 'Avoμwxтi xwpis oiμays. Sic aσTaxTì,' inquit Brunck., ultimam producit in οἰμωγῆς. Soph. Ed. C. 1646. áσTevaжTì in Comici Concion. 464.' idemque inculcavit ad Apoll. Rh. 1, 1019. Nihilo secius vulgatam lectionem sub vexillo retinui; nam quod ait nihil ad metrum interesse, utrum hoc an illo modo scribatur, multo aliter est. Quippe hæc, αναιμωτεὶ, ἀστακτεί etc. ob eam ipsam caussam a poëtis usurpata sunt, quod ad numeros explendos erant uberiora. Quæ autem a substantivis ducuntur, dativorum sequuntur vicissitudines, ut παμπαιδί, παγγυναικὶ, παμπληθεί, πανεθνεί, hisque consona sunt ἀβουλεὶ, ἀσπωδεὶ, πανομιλεί, ὁλοῤῥιζει, αὐθωρεί etc. Πανδημὶ, πανοικὶ, πανορμὶ librariorum menda sunt aut poëtarum impeditiorum perfugia, ut quod paulo ante memorabam avinuì, Nicarch. 3. Quæ Valck. Adoniaz. p. 228. T. H. ad J. Poll. 9, 143. Spanh. ad Callim. 2, 174. de hoc verborum genere tradiderunt, mendo non vacant. 'Auanti et similia illa Heyn. adeo ad II. X. 182. vel ap. poëtas aliter scribi posse negat."

"V. 1227. 'Avouwxrì, so Brunck, Bothe, and Schæfer, with the consent of several Mss. and Eust. We prefer this orthography to the other form, avoiμwxTel, which Lobeck and Erfurdt VOL. XXVI. CI. JI.

NO. LI.

L

have recalled. The fullest and best account of these adverbs, which we have seen, is given by Dr. Blomfield in his note on Asch. Pr. 208. Ὤιοντ ̓ ἀμοχθὶ πρὸς βίαν τε δεσπόσειν. Το his enumeration may be added avaμorì, Herod. 2, 108. παγ yev, Euseb. Hist. Eccl. 5, 21. and perhaps a few others. In the remains of the Attic poets we fiud, ἀνατὶ, ἀστενακτὶ, ἀστακτί, πανδημὶ, πανομιλὶ, ἀμοχθί, ακλητὶ, ἐγερτὶ, Σκυθιστὶ, Δωριστὶ, The reader will observe that most of these words are of such a form, that the last syllable can hardly be necessarily long in a senarius, especially a tragic senarius. It would be difficult

etc.

construct a tragic senarius, in which the last syllable of pox, for example, could not be considered as short. This is the reason, why we find so few verses, which can be compared with that now before us." Elmsley's Notes on Soph. Aj., in Mus. Cr. Cant. 4,485.

2. DE PARTICULA N: DE ADJ. Nyosns: DE ALCMAN. ET CALLIM. FRAGMM.

is by

"IN his Note on v. 248. Blomf. remarks, that an apheresis for avλews, and that the particle , if we can place any confidence in him, ought to be banished intirely from Greece. This language may sound harsh to some of our readers: they must know, however, that this unfortunate particle, when used negatively, belongs to that class of words, which are called Inseparable, but which philologers conceive to have once existed in an independent state, as they form an essential part of some words, whose origin cannot otherwise be satisfactorily explained. We willingly agree, therefore, with Professor Dunbar in thinking that Mr. Blomf. should first have completely removed this difficulty, and accounted for the formation of those words, in which is generally thought to be an essential ingredient, while in many of them there is either no trace of a prefixed, or the signification is essentially different. Nos, for instance, is compounded of my and ἔπος, ἀνήπιος being unheard of ; νῆστις of in and cσtis: amoris indeed occurs, but in this word, as well as in many others, there is as much reason to suppose the prefixed a to be privative, as pleonastic: výλexтos, Incomtus; avanλéxo, Redimio ; νήποινος, (from my and ποινή,) Impunitus: ἀνάποινος, (from a priv. and nowa,) Non pretio redemtus: vμspins, (from my and ἁμαρτάνω,) αναμαρτής, if it can be received, is compounded of a priv. and ἁμαρτάνω. The Professor asks why, if νηλεώς