formed but for temporary existence. For although we cannot deny that beasts have the faculty of memory, and act from reflection, yet the former as I may say is the effect of primary sensation, and the latter originates in the constraint of the moment, and the preponderance of this or that object.

In the difference of the scull, which defines the character of animals, we may perceive, in the most convincing manner, how the bones determine the form, and denote the properties of the creature. The moveable parts are formed after, or to speak properly, with them; and can act only so far as the solid parts permit.

ADDITIONS.

I.

THE tameness of granivorous animals and beasts of burden is shewn by the long, the pairing, and the inbent lines--For example, 1) the horse,-3) the ass,-5) the deer,—6) the hog.

The whole form of these heads speak calm, harmless, enjoyment. The inbent lines, from the eye-bones to the nostrils, in 1 and 3, indicate patient suffering.

6 The slightly inbent, and as suddenly straight lines, denote obstinacy. We may remark in all a heavy, immoderately extended, under jaw; and perceive how strong a desire of mastication is there seated.

4 The scull of the ox expresses patience, resistance, difficulty of being moved, a great desire of feeding.

Superior to all, is distinguished, 2, the elephant, by an increase of scull, alike in the back part, and the forehead. How true, how natural, an expression of wisdom, power and delicacy!

II.

THE form of ravenous animals is alike significant.

3) The dog, indeed, has something common, not very striking, but the retreating of the scull from the eye-bones speaks, as I may say, determinate powers of sense. The throat is rather that of tranquil, than cruel or ravenous appetite; though it participates of both. I imagine I discover, particularly in the eye-bone, and its relative proportion to the nose, a degree of fidelity and sincerity.

4 Though the difference between the wolf and dog is small, still it is remarkable. The concavity at the top of the scull, the convexity above the eye-bones, the straight lines from thence to the nose, denote more hasty motion. The under jaw has likewise the stamp of malignity.

2 Add to this, in the bear, more breadth, firmness, and resistance.

1 I could wish the lion were better drawn; but, in Buffon, from whom the engraving is copied, this fine scull is very indeterminate.